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ENT Lectures > Clinical Anatomy of the Ear > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 anatomical divisions of the ear?

A

External
Middle
Inner

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2
Q

What are the 2 functional divisions of the ear?

A

Hearing (auditory)

Balance (Vestibular)

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3
Q

Where are all divisions of the ear found?

A

In the temporal bone

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4
Q

What nerves are found in the temporal bone?

A

Facial (CNVII)

Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

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5
Q

What are 6 features of the temporal bone?

A 
Squamous part
Petrous part
Zygomatic process
External acoustic meatus
Mastoid process
Styloid process
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6
Q

What is the thinnest part of the skull?

A

Pterion

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7
Q

What makes up the pterion?

A

Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Temporal bone
Sphenoid bone

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8
Q

What cranial nerve enter/exit the the skull in the frontal bone?

A

CN 1

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9
Q

What cranial nerve enter/exit the the skull in the middle region of the base of the skull/

A

CN 2,3,4,5,6

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10
Q

What cranial nerve enter/exit the the skull in the occipital region of the skull?

A

CN 7,8,9,10,11,12

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11
Q

What 3 things pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN VII
CN VII
Labyrinthe artery and vein

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12
Q

What does the facial nerve supply?

A 
Motor to face
Motor to stapedius
Taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue
Secretomotor to salivary and lacrimal glands
General sensation to external ear
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13
Q

What does the vestibulocochlear nerve supply?

A

Balance

Hearing

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14
Q

Where does the labyrinthine artery come from?

A

Circle of willis

Branch of anterior inferior cerebellar artery

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15
Q

Where is the external ear?

A

Auricle to tympanic membrane

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16
Q

What is the function of the external ear?

A

Collects and conveys sound waves to tympanic membrane

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17
Q

Where is the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane to oval window + eustachian tube

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18
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

Amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear

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19
Q

Where is the internal ear?

A

Oval window to internal acoustic meatus

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20
Q

What is the function of the internal ear?

A

Converts special sensory information

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21
Q

What does the internal ear convert special sensory information into?

A

Fluid waves
The Action Potentions
Conducts AP to brain

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22
Q

What is the skeletal part of the external ear?

A

Temporal bone
Elastic cartilage
Avascular
Nutrients from skin

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23
Q

Where does the ear canal begin?

A

At the external acoustic meatus

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24
Q

What is the ear canal composed of?

A

1/3rd cartilage

2/3rds bone

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25
Q

What is the ear canal lined with?

A

Skin

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26
Q

What does the ear canal produce and how?

A

Earwax via ceruminous glands

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27
Q

What nerves are involved in supplying the auricle?

A

C2,3 spinal nerves (Helix, Antihelix)
CNV3 - superior parts of EAM and most of tympanic membrane
CNX (Inferior parts of EAM and tympanic membrane0

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28
Q

Where does the lateral surface of the superior auricle drain to?

A

Parotid Lymph nodes

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29
Q

Where does the cranial surface of the superior half of the auricle drain to?

A

Mastoid and deep cervical lymph nodes

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30
Q

Where does the rest of the auricle including the lobe drain to?

A

Superficial cervical lymph nodes

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31
Q

Where does all lymph from the auricle eventually drain to?

A

Deep cervical

Thoracic or right lymphatic duct

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32
Q

What is involved in otoscopic examination?

A

Examination of the EAM and tympanic membrane

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33
Q

What shape in the EAM in a child?

A

Short and staight

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34
Q

What shape is the EAM in children?

35
Q

What is the thin part of the tympanic membrane called and where is it found?

A

Pars flaccida

Superiorly

36
Q

What is the most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membrane?

37
Q

What is the thick part of the tympanic membrane and where is it found?

A

Pars tensa

Posteroinferiorly

38
Q

What supplies the external surface of the tympanic membrane?

39
Q

What supplies the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?

40
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A 
Middle ear cavity
Eustachian tube
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Tonsils
41
Q

What does the eustachian tube connect?

A

The tympanic cavity to the wall of the nasopharynx

42
Q

What 3 bones does the middle ear contain?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

43
Q

What 2 muscles are found in the middle ear?

A

Stapedius

Tensor tympani

44
Q

What nerves have branches in the middle ear?

A

Facial nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

45
Q

How do auditory ossicles articulate?

A

Via synovial joints

46
Q

Where is the epitympanic membrane found?

A

Superior to tympanic membrane

47
Q

Which bone in the middle ear does not have a muscle attachment?

48
Q

What is the roof of the tympanic cavity?

A

Tegmental wall

49
Q

What is the floor of the tympanic cavity?

A

Jugular wall

50
Q

WHat is the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity?

A

Membranous wall

51
Q

What is the medial wall of the tympanic cavity?

A

Labyrinthine wall

52
Q

WHat is the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity?

A

Mastoid wall

53
Q

What nerve supplies the stapedius muscle?

54
Q

What nerve supplies to tensor tympani muscle?

55
Q

What is the eustachian tube?

A

Auditory pharyngotympanic tube

56
Q

Why can tonsilitis mimic ear ache?

A

Common sensory nerve supply

57
Q

What is the sensory supply to the nasopharynx/Oropharynx?

58
Q

What is the sensory supply to the laryngopharynx?

59
Q

What is the chorda tympani?

A

A branch of the CN VII

60
Q

What does the chorda tympani supply?

A

Taste buds to anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

Parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

61
Q

What does the stapedius do?

A

Reduced stapes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noide

62
Q

What does the chorda tympani connect to?

A

Lingual nerve branch of CN V3

63
Q

What are the 4 muscles of facial expression?

A

Frontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Elevator of lips
Orbicularis oris

64
Q

Where do muscles of facial expression originate/Insert?

A

Originate on bone

Insert into superficial fascia

65
Q

What are the 2 parts of CN VIII in the inner ear?

A 
Cochlear nerve (hearing)
Vestibular nerve (balance)
66
Q

Where is the otic capsule found?

A

Temporal bone

67
Q

What does the otic capsule contain?

A

Bony labyrinth

Fluid (perilymph) filled spaces inside

68
Q

What is suspended within perilymph of the bony labyrinth?

A

Membranous labyrinth
Communicating sacs and ducts
Contains enolymph fluid

69
Q

What are 6 features of the inner ear labyrinths?

A 
Superior semicicular canal
Lateral semicircular canal
Posterior semicircular canal
Cupula (apex of spiral)
Oval window
Round window
70
Q

What is the cochlear duct?

A

A long balloon like structure within the cochlea filled with endolymph

71
Q

How are action potentials from the cochlear duct conducted to the brainstem?

A

In the cochlear nerve

72
Q

What are the semicircular ducts?

A

Inter-linked balloon-like structures within the semicircular canals filled with endolymph

73
Q

How are action potentials from the semicircular canals conducted to the brainstem?

A

Vestibular nerve

74
Q

What stimulates hair cells?

A

Movement of endolymph

75
Q

What are clusters of hair cells found in?

A

Regions called maculae

76
Q

What do semicircular ducts detect?

A

Angular movement change

77
Q

What movement does the saccule detect?

78
Q

What movement does the utricle detect?

A

Horizontal

79
Q

How is sound transmitted?

A

Sound waves make the tympanic membrane vibrate
Vibrations are transmitted through ossicles
Base of stapes vibrates in oval window
Vibration of stapes created pressure waves in perilymph
Hair cells in the cochlea are moved, APs are stimulated and conveyed to brain by cochlear nerve
Pressure waves descend and become vibrations again
Pressuve waves are dampened at the round window

80
Q

What detect auditory stimuli?

A

Receptor cells in the organ of corti

81
Q

Where is the organ of corti?

A

Located on basilar membrane

82
Q

What are the 2 parts of the cochlear canal?

A

Scala vestibuli

Scala tympani

83
Q

What separates the cochlear canal into 2 parts?

A

Spiral ligament

ENT Lectures (14 decks)

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