Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENT Lectures > Anatomy of the palate and pharynx > Flashcards

Anatomy of the palate and pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the oral vestibule located?

A

Between the lips and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the oral cavity?

A

Above the tongue

Below the palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the oral cavity proper?

A

Bottom of tongue to palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the hyoid bone?

A

Level of C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the frenulum connect?

A

Inferior surface of tongue to base of mouth?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the sublingual caruncle?

A

Bump on frenulum that is an opening for the submandibular glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What innervates the geniohyoid?

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid muscle?

A

CN V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Sub mandibular
Sub lingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the minor salivary glands found?

A

1000s in oral mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do the minor glands do?

A

Basal secretion

Keep mouth moist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What stimulates salivation?

A

Thought, sight, smell of food or presence of food in the mouth
Painful oral conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the parotid gland secrete into mouth?

A

By upper 2nd molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the submandibular gland secrete?

A

Via lingual caruncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the sublingual gland secrete via?

A

Several ducts superiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can cause swelling of the glands?

A

Duct clogging/blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What supplies parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?

A

CN IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the sublingual salivary gland and parasympathetic axons to submandibular?

A

CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What supplies general sensory to the anterior 2/3rds of tongue?

A

Cn V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What supplies taste the the ant 2/3rd of tongue?

A

CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What supplies taste and sensation to post 1/3rd of tongue?

A

CN IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the tongue made of?

A

Skeletal muscle

Covered in mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the thyroid originate?

A

In the pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the thyroid descend through?

A

Foramen caecum of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where can thyroglossal duct cysts occur?

A

Any position in the midline migratory path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the tongue?

A

Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What supplies all tongue muscles except palatoglossus?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What supplies the palatoglossus?

A

Vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the course of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Through hypoglossal canal
Descends in neck lateral to carotid sheath
At level of hyoid bone as it passes anteriorly towards the lateral aspect of the tongue
Supplies most of the muscles of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How can CN XII be tested?

A

Ask patient to stick their tongue straight out
If both CN XIIs are functional the tongue tip remains in the midline
If unilateral damage to tongue tip will point towards the side of the injured nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where do the arteries pass in relation to the hyoglossus?

A

Medial

32
Q

Where do nerves pass in relation to the hyoglossus?

A

Lateral

33
Q

Where does the hyoglossal nerve pass in relation to the loop of the lingual artery?

A

Lateral

34
Q

How can the hard and soft palates be differentiated?

A

Colour

Soft palate has arches

35
Q

Where are the tonsils found?

A

Between arches of soft palate

36
Q

What bones make up the palate?

A

Palatine processes of maxillae
Palatine bone
Lateral and medial pterygoif plates of the sphenoid bone

37
Q

What travels through the greater and lesser palantine foramen?

A

Branches of CN V2

Branches of maxillary artery

38
Q

What does the pterygoid hamate do?

A

Acts as a hook for muscle pulleys

39
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the soft palate?

A 
Tensor veli palatini
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Musulus uvulae
Levator veli palatini
40
Q

What supplies all soft palate muscles apart from TVP?

A

Vagus

41
Q

What supplies TVP?

A

CN V3

42
Q

What is the function of TVP?

A

Tenses palatine aponeurosis

43
Q

What is the function of LVP?

A

Lifts palatine aponeurosis

44
Q

What is the function of musculus uvulae?

A

Shortens uvula

45
Q

What is the function of platoglossus?

A

Brings tongue and soft palate together

46
Q

What is the function of palatopharyngeus?

A

Lifts pharynx and thyroid cartilage

47
Q

What is the dunction of the soft palate?

A

Trapdoor
stops food entering the nose during swallowing
Directs air into the nose or mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing or vomiting
Helps to close of the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex

48
Q

How is the vagus nerve tested?

A

Ask patient to say ahh
If nerves are functioning normally the uvuala should lift straight up in the midline
If there in unilateral damage the uvula will be pulled away from the non-functioning side

49
Q

How many muscles makes up the pharynx?

A

6

50
Q

What are the muscles in the outer circular layer?

A

3 constrictor muscles

Voluntary

51
Q

What are the muscles in the inner longitudinal layer?

A

3 paired vertical muscles

Skeletal (voluntary)

52
Q

What is the function of the outer circular muscles?

A

During sequential contraction, pushes food bolus inferiorly towards oesophagus

53
Q

What is the function of the inner L muscles?

A

Pulls larynx up

Shortens pharynx

54
Q

What supplies the muscles of the pharynx?

A

CNX

except Cn IX for stylopharyngeus

55
Q

What is found in the superior pharynx?

A

Pterygoid hamulus
Pterygomandibular raphe
Myloyoid line

56
Q

What is found in the middle of the pharynx?

A

Greater horn of hyoid

57
Q

What is found in the inferior pharynx?

A

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

58
Q

What is the midline raphe?

A

Connection of pharynx muscles

59
Q

What contributes tot he pharyngeal plexus?

A

CN IX, X

60
Q

Maybe insert a diagram of the pharynx muscles

A

Cool cool

61
Q

What are the longitudinal muscles?

A

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salingopharyngeus

62
Q

Where do all longitudinal muscles insert?

A

Posterior border of the thyroid cartilage

63
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal muscles?

A

Elevate pahrynx and larynx

64
Q

What longitudinal muscles are supplied by CN X?

A

Palatopharyngeus

Salpingopharyngeus

65
Q

What are 5 features of the nasopharynx?

A 
Choanae
Torus tubaris
Pharyngeal recess
Salpingopharyngeal fold
Opening for eustachian tube
66
Q

What are 4 features of the oropharynx?

A

Palatine tonsil
Palatoglossal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch
Lingual tonsil

67
Q

What are 2 features of the laryngopharynx?

A

Laryngeal aditius

Pirifrom fossa

68
Q

What is the function of Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring?

A

Defence against invading pathogens

69
Q

Where is waldeyer’s tonsillar ring found?

A

Within the mucosa of the nasopharynx and oropharynx

70
Q

What are the names of the tonsils?

A

Palatine
Pharyngeal
Tubal
Lingual

71
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the mouth?

A

Submental nodes
Submandibular nodes
Deep cervical

72
Q

What drains the palatine tonsil?

A

Jugulo-digastic node

73
Q

What are the features of lymph node infection?

A 
Swollen
Painful
Soft
Smooth
Not fixed
Improves
74
Q

What are the lymph node features in cancer?

A 
Swollen 
Not painful
Hard
Irregular
Fixed
Does not improve
75
Q

Where do midline structures often drain?

A

Bilaterally

ENT Lectures (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions