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ENT Lectures > Dizziness > Flashcards

Dizziness Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of dizziness

A 
CVS
Haematological and metabolic
Anxiety
Neurological conditions
Drug side effects/interactions
Migrane
Otological
Trauma
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2
Q

What is vertigo?

A

A sensation of movement

Usually spinning

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3
Q

What are some CV causes of dizinness?

A

Arrythmias

Postural hypotension

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4
Q

What are vestibular causes of dizzyness?

A

BPPV
Menieres
Vestibular neuronitis

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5
Q

What are some central causes of dizziness?

A

Stress
Migrane
SOL
MS

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6
Q

What are some visual causes of dizziness?

A

Cataracts

DM

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7
Q

What are somre proprioceptive causes of dizziness?

A

DM
Arthritis
Neurology

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8
Q

What are some history signs of dizziness?

A 
Lightheadedness
Syncope
Palpitations
Blackouts
Visual disturbances
parasthsia
weakness
Speech and swallow problems
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9
Q

What are the likely causes of the different durations of vertigo episodes?

A

Seconds - BPPV
Hours - Meniere’s
Days - Vestibular neuritis
Variable - migrane associated

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10
Q

Dizzy rolling over in bed?

A

BPPV

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11
Q

Severe first attack with N and V?

A

Vestibular neuritis

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12
Q

Light sensitive?

A

Vestibular migrane

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13
Q

One ear feel full?

A

Meniere’s

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14
Q

What is included in examination for dizziness?

A 
Otoscopy
Neurological
BP lying and standing
Balance
Audiometry
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15
Q

What are common causes of dizziness?

A

Postural
Medication
Psychogenic and interaction with imbalance

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16
Q

What is BPPV?

A

Benign postitional paroxysal vertigo

17
Q

Is BPPV common?

A

yes very

18
Q

What can cause BPPV?

A

Head trauma
Ear surgery
Idiopathic

19
Q

WHat is the pathophysiology of BPPV?

A

Otolith material from urticle displaced into SCC

Post commonly SCC

20
Q

What can BPPV be confused with?

A

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency

21
Q

What is the Dix Hallpike test?

A

Sit up
Eyes open
head 45 degrees to one side
after 10 seconds will trigger dizziness if there is dislodged crystal ? lol

22
Q

What tests are done for BPPV?

A

Hallpikes test
Epley manouvre
Semont manouvre
Bradt-Daroff exercises

23
Q

What is the epley manouvre?

A

Insert here PLZ

24
Q

What is vestibular neuronitis?

A

Prolonged vertigo

No assoc tinnitus or hearing loss

25
Q

What causes VN?

A

Probably viral

26
Q

What is the tx of VN?

A

Supportive with vestivular sedatives

Self-llimiting

27
Q

What causes menieres disease?

A

Unknown cause
Pathophysiology
Endolymphatic Hydrophs

28
Q

What is a classic Hx of Menieres disease?

A

Recurrent spontaneous rotational vertigo with at least two episodes >20 mins
Worsening of tinnitus on the affected side
Aural fullness on the affected side
SNHL on at least one occasion

29
Q

How is meniers disease managed?

A 
Grommet insertion
Meniette
Intratympanic steroids/Gentamicin
Surgery
Supportive Tc during episodes
Tinnitus therpay
Hearing aids
Prevention

ENT Lectures (14 decks)

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