Dizziness Flashcards
What are the causes of dizziness
CVS Haematological and metabolic Anxiety Neurological conditions Drug side effects/interactions Migrane Otological Trauma
What is vertigo?
A sensation of movement
Usually spinning
What are some CV causes of dizinness?
Arrythmias
Postural hypotension
What are vestibular causes of dizzyness?
BPPV
Menieres
Vestibular neuronitis
What are some central causes of dizziness?
Stress
Migrane
SOL
MS
What are some visual causes of dizziness?
Cataracts
DM
What are somre proprioceptive causes of dizziness?
DM
Arthritis
Neurology
What are some history signs of dizziness?
Lightheadedness Syncope Palpitations Blackouts Visual disturbances parasthsia weakness Speech and swallow problems
What are the likely causes of the different durations of vertigo episodes?
Seconds - BPPV
Hours - Meniere’s
Days - Vestibular neuritis
Variable - migrane associated
Dizzy rolling over in bed?
BPPV
Severe first attack with N and V?
Vestibular neuritis
Light sensitive?
Vestibular migrane
One ear feel full?
Meniere’s
What is included in examination for dizziness?
Otoscopy Neurological BP lying and standing Balance Audiometry
What are common causes of dizziness?
Postural
Medication
Psychogenic and interaction with imbalance
What is BPPV?
Benign postitional paroxysal vertigo
Is BPPV common?
yes very
What can cause BPPV?
Head trauma
Ear surgery
Idiopathic
WHat is the pathophysiology of BPPV?
Otolith material from urticle displaced into SCC
Post commonly SCC
What can BPPV be confused with?
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
What is the Dix Hallpike test?
Sit up
Eyes open
head 45 degrees to one side
after 10 seconds will trigger dizziness if there is dislodged crystal ? lol
What tests are done for BPPV?
Hallpikes test
Epley manouvre
Semont manouvre
Bradt-Daroff exercises
What is the epley manouvre?
Insert here PLZ
What is vestibular neuronitis?
Prolonged vertigo
No assoc tinnitus or hearing loss
What causes VN?
Probably viral
What is the tx of VN?
Supportive with vestivular sedatives
Self-llimiting
What causes menieres disease?
Unknown cause
Pathophysiology
Endolymphatic Hydrophs
What is a classic Hx of Menieres disease?
Recurrent spontaneous rotational vertigo with at least two episodes >20 mins
Worsening of tinnitus on the affected side
Aural fullness on the affected side
SNHL on at least one occasion
How is meniers disease managed?
Grommet insertion Meniette Intratympanic steroids/Gentamicin Surgery Supportive Tc during episodes Tinnitus therpay Hearing aids Prevention
