Ear disease Flashcards
What are the symptoms of ear disease?
Hearing loss Tinnitus Vertigo Otalgia Ear discharge Facial weakness Ear surgery Nasal symptoms Facial history Specidic paediatric history
What are the 3 types of hearing loss?
Conductive
Sensoineural
Mixed
What are some signs of ear disease?
Abnormalities of ear canal Discharge Swelling Bleeding Masses External scars Changes in ear drum Swelling over mastoid Facial weakness Hearing loss
What is otitis externa?
Inflammation of the skin of the ear canal
Is otitis externa infective?
Mostly
What can cause otitis externa?
Bacteria
Fungi
What are common causes of otitis externa?
Water
Cotton buds
Skin conditions
Who gets acute otitis media?
Children
What is AOM associated with?
Glue ear
URTIs
What is included in chronic otitis media?
Otitis media with effusion
Cholesteatoma
Perforation
Who gets otitis media with effusion?
CHildren
What is OM w/ E associated with?
Eustachian tube dysfunction or obstruction
What can cause OM w/ E in adults?
Rhinosinusitis
Nasopharyngela carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal lymphoma
What are the signs of OM w/ E?
CHL with flat tympanogram
Hearing loss
What is the Tx of OM w/ E?
Perforation
Grommit
What may cause perforation?
Commonly due to AOM
Trauma
Does perforation heal?
Usually
What is cholesteatoma?
Presence of keratin within middle ear
Erodes surrounding bone
What are the symptoms of cholesteatoma?
Hearing loss
Discharge
Complications
What is the treatment of cholesteatoma?
Surgical excision
Reconstruction
What is more common; acquired or congenital cholesteatoma?
Acquired
What are the risks of cholesteatoma?
SNHL Tinnitus Vertigo Facial palsy Brain abscess Meningitis Venous sinus thrombosis
What is otosclerosis?
Gradual onset conductive hearing loss caused by fixation of the stapes bone
Who gets otosclerosis?
F>M
What makes otosclerosis progress rapidly?
Pregnancy
How is otosclerosis treated?
Stapedectomy
What is presbycusis?
Old age hearing loss
High frequency
Highly variable onset
What drugs can cause hearing loss?
Gentamicin Aminoglycosides Chemotherapeutic drugs Aspirin NSAIDs
What is a vestibular schwannoma?
Benign tumour in IAM
What does a VS present with?
Hearing loss
Tinnitus
Imbalance
How is VS diagnosed?
MRI scan
How is VS diagnosed?
MRI scan
What does bruising over the mastoid suggest?
Base of skull fracture
What can a skull fracture lead to?
Hearing loss Conductive Sendorineural Facial palsy CSF leak
