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Ag Sci animal N > energy systems > Flashcards

energy systems Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main components of energy and protein systems

A

what the animal needs
what the feed provides
formulate these together

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2
Q

what 2 pieces of information do protein systems bring together

A

amino acid requirements of animal
available amino acids from diets

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3
Q

different between digestible energy and metabolizable energy

A

urine and methane removed to calculate metabolizable energy

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4
Q

difference between gross energy and digestible energy

A

faeces removed to calculate digestible energy

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5
Q

difference between metabolizable energy and net energy

A

heat increment

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6
Q

how is gross energy calculated

A

using bomb calorimeter

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7
Q

formulation for digestibility

A

feed intake less faeces output all over feed intake

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8
Q

why is the energy digestibility higher than the DM digestibility

A

because DM digestibility contains components such as vitamins that have no energy

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9
Q

as intake increases losses in faeces increases but will losses to methane/urine increase or decrease

A

losses to urine/methane decrease

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10
Q

list the 2 ways heat increment is measured

A
  1. animal calorimeters
  2. indirect calorimetry
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11
Q

how does indirect calorimetry work

A

estimate heat production from oxygen consumed, carbon dioxide produced and from nitrogen in the urine

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12
Q

what is needed to carry out indirect calorimetry

A

respiration chamber

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13
Q

what are the 2 types of respiration chambers

A

1 open circuit
2. closed circuit

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14
Q

respiration chambers account for all energy lost than left with the net energy

A
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15
Q

what is the approach when measuring the NE using comparative slaughter

A

measure the amount of energy retained by animal rather than measure all the losses

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16
Q

why would comparative feeding trail be used

A

to identify the best feeds to use when fattening

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17
Q

name the 3 ways energy is used during HI and rank them in order of most efficient

A
  1. maintenance
  2. milk production
  3. fattening
18
Q

what are the 4 factors affecting the ME value

A
  1. digestibility
  2. species
  3. type of digestion occuring
  4. food preparation
19
Q

what is the reason for different ME values in same food stuffs between monogastric and ruminants

A

ruminants account for methane losses

20
Q

if metabolisability is 0.4 was is the ME value

A

7.4 MJ/kg DM

21
Q

if metabolisability is 0.5 what is the ME value

A

9.2 MJ/kg DM

22
Q

if metabolisability is 0.6 what is the ME value

A

11.0 MJ/kg DM

23
Q

if the metabolisability is 0.7 what is the ME value

A

12.9 MJ/kg DM

24
Q

what is the GE estimated to be in the AFRC system

A

18.4

25
Q

what are the 2 biggest factors affecting the efficiency of utilisation

A

quality of the feed
purpose of the feed

26
Q

what is metabolisability

A

ME content expressed as proportion of GE content of the feed

27
Q

what are the DM, CF, CP EE and OMD values of the standard barely used in the UFL system

A

DM = 87%
CF = 4.36 %
CP = 10.5%
EE = 1.93%
OMD = 86%

28
Q

is UFL or UFV value higher

A

UFL milk production more efficient as using energy

29
Q

for every 50kg in bodyweight change UFL changes approx how much?

A

0.3 UFL

30
Q

what is the maintenance requirement of a 600kg cow in UFL’s

A

5 UFL

31
Q

approx how many UFL’s are per kg of milk

A

0.44 UFL

32
Q

1 kg body weight loss is equal to how many UFL’s

A

3.5 UFL

33
Q

1kg body weight gain is equal to how many UFL’s

A

4.5 UFL

34
Q

do you add or subtract associative effects

A

subtract

35
Q

what causes associative effect

A

increase concentrates reduce rumen pH, this reduces the effectiveness of the fibre microbes hence reducing forage breakdown

36
Q

what is the housing adjustment for loose housing cows

A

10%

37
Q

what is housing adjustment for pasture based cows

A

20%

38
Q

UFL requirement for 7th month gestation cow

A

0.9 UFL

39
Q

UFL requirement for 8th month gestation cow

A

1.6 UFL

40
Q

UFL requirement for 9th month gestation low

A

2.6 UFL

41
Q
A

Ag Sci animal N (11 decks)

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