comp of feed Flashcards
what is the biggest challenge with composition of feedstuffs
realtime measurements
what are the 5 assessments on the quality of feeds
quantity
availability
degradability
balance
capture
over what % of fat can effect carbohydrate breakdown
5/6%
what component of feedstuffs has the largest effect on feeding value
fibre
what does acid detergent lignin measure
lignin
what does acid detergent fibre measure
lignin and cellulose
what does neutral detergent fibre measure
lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose
what % should NDF content be maintained at as proportion of dry matter
30%
what % of NDF content should be made up of forages
21%
what does NDF fraction of fibre stimulate
stimulates chewing activity and related to particle size
approx what is the % of energy lost due to methane
6-7 %
what is nutrient availability influenced by
degradability
what would a good protein content be in a silage sample
above 12%
2 factors that will reduce the bacteria growth in a silage sample
- removal of oxygen from silage using compactor
- keeping pH low as close to 4 as possible inhibit bacteria growth
what is a good DMD of silage
above 70% good
average 67-68%
what is the aim of ammonia in a silage sample as % of total nitrogen
below 10%
what does high ammonia in a silage sample indicate
bad conservation
why is high lactic acid needed in silage sample
to reduced pH of sample leading to more protein and energy conserved
how can a DMD of 75% compared to 60% have an effect on liveweight gain
up to 60% lower liveweight gain
what is the total amount of feeds imported to country for animal use in tonnes
700 million tonnes
why is soya highest imported cereal what does it offer
bioavailable amino acids/ quickly available
in a wheat grain where in the starch for energy located
endosperm
list some low protein feeds
cereals
beet pulp/ citrus pulp
soya hulls
molasses
what is the oil content of cereals 10 - 60g/kg
why are cereals processed ?
to make starch more available
increase surface area for uptake
why are citrus or beet pulps used
to maintain fibre in the rumen and increase saliva production
why is sunflower meal not used in Ireland even though has a CF of 28%
because quality of protein is not good
what is a common deficiency caused feeding too much soyabean
iodine deficiency as raw beans contain goitregens inhibiting the uptake of iodine
why is cottonseed meal not often used
very variable
may contain gossypol
risk of aflatoxins
