Endocrine System Flashcards
Endocrine System components
Regulates bodily functions, including: homeostasis, mood, growth & development, tissue function, activation of enzyme systems & metabolism.
Host organs: Glands
Chemical messengers: Hormones
Target Cells: Receptor cells that exert an action once hormone or enzyme is received.
The seven primary Endocrine Glands
Pituitary
Pineal
Hypothalamus
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Reproductive
Hypothalamus
Endocrine gland that communicates messages from the body to the pituitary gland. Both glands are the link between the Nervous & Endocrine systems.
Pituitary
Endocrine gland that together with the hypothalamus, is the master gland, controlling the action of many other glands. Secretes Growth Hormone. (Other Hormones can also be secreted from the stomach & liver)
Pineal
An Endocrine gland that secretes melatonin.
Thyroid
Endocrine gland that secretes thyroxin (incr. metabolic rate) and calcitonin (helps body use calcium and is key in maintaining BMD).
Pancreas
Endocrine gland that produces hormones: insulin, glucagon & digestive juices.
Adrenal
Endocrine glands that secrete cortisol from the adrenal cortex (a catabolic hormone that seeks to maintain energy levels through the breakdown of protein & fats) & catecholamines from the adrenal medulla (epinephrine & norepinephrine)
Insulin as a metabolic regulator
Informs the body which substrate (carb or fat) to use for energy based on whether the body is in a fed or fasted state.
Gluconeogenesis
A process to maintain energy levels (increase glucose availability) initiated by the hormone cortisol, in which non-carb substrates of fats & proteins are broken down for energy use. High levels of cortisol lead to excessive muscle breakdown.
Testosterone response to exercise
Can increase thru HIIT or ST w/ overload and lower rest intervals within larger muscle systems.
Pathway for testosterone production
Vigorous resistance training stimulates the hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormones.
These hormones travel to the pituitary gland, and stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone.
Luteinizing hormone travels to the testes and attaches to Leydig cells, which ultimately release testosterone.
Insulin-like GF
Hormone released by the liver that is responsible for protein synthesis, fat metabolism, growth and dev.
IGF levels have been shown to incr. up to 48 hrs after ST and local levels in muscles are not affected by age.
Eccentric emphasis incr. IGF.
It is also made and stored in muscles and tendons, where it is referred to as mechano-GF. It is released in response to overload of muscle.
