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NASM-CPT > Cardiorespiratory System > Flashcards

Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards

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NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

Cardiorespiratory System

A

Cardiovascular & Respiratory System responsible for perfusion, nutrition, and waste removal (co2) from cells.

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2
Q

Mediastinum

A

The space in the thoracic cavity that contains all the internal organs of the chest (heart, esophagus, etc) EXCEPT for lungs.

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3
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

One of the 3 types of muscle tissue (skeletal & smooth) that is similar to skeletal muscle, in that it contains myofibrils & sarcomeres giving it a striated appearance, but is involuntary with shorter and tighter sarcomeres.

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4
Q

Heart Structure: Number of chambers

A

Four total. Right side Atrium & Ventricle, and Left side Atrium & Ventricle.

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5
Q

Heart Structure: Right side

A

Known as the Pulmonic Side. It receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it into the lungs, where it is freed of co2 waste & re-oxygenated. Diagramed in blue.

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6
Q

Heart Structure: Left side

A

Known as the Systemic side, because it receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivers it to the rest of the body. Diagramed in red.

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7
Q

Atrium

A

Superior chamber that gathers blood returning to the heart. Smaller than ventricles.

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8
Q

Ventricle

A

Inferior chamber that pumps blood to lungs (right side ventricle) or body (left side ventricle).

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9
Q

Right Ventricle characteristics

A

Thin walled and pumps under low pressure b/c it only has to pump a short distance to the lungs.

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10
Q

Right Ventricle function

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the Right Atrium, supplied by the Superior & Inferior Vena Cava, and pumps through the left & right Pulmonary Arteries to the lungs.

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11
Q

Left Atrium function

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the Right & Left Pulmonary Veins.

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12
Q

Right Atrium function

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the Inferior & Superior Vena Cava.

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13
Q

Left Ventricle function

A

Pumps oxygenated blood through the body via the Aorta.

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14
Q

Heart Diagram and Circulation

A

Sketch it

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15
Q

Cardiac muscle: Intercalated Discs

A

Helps to hold cardiac muscle cells together during contraction & creates an electrical connection between the cells, allowing the heart to contract as one functional unit. Seen ad dark bands that are irregularly spaced.

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16
Q

RHR normal limits

A

60 to 100

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17
Q

SA sinoatrial node

A

Located in the Right Atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat. The signal runs down through both atria & ventricles. Known as the pacemaker of the heart.

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18
Q

AV atrioventricular node

A

Located inferior to the SA node at the bottom of the Right Atrium, it is responsible to delay the impulse sent by the SA node from reaching the ventricles, so that the ventricles have time to adequately fill with blood before contracting and thus pumping to lungs & body.

19
Q

Heart Electrical Conduction System: Flowchart and Sketch

A

Include:

SA node
AV node
Right bundle branch
Left bundle branch

20
Q

Heart stroke volume

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart w/ each contraction. The difference between the ventricular End-Diastolic Volume (the filled up ventricle before contraction) & the End-Systolic Volume ( the blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection).

21
Q

Typical Stroke volume

A

It is 70 mL.

End-diastolic = 120 mL (blood filled vent)

End-systolic = 50 mL (residual)

So, 70 mL of blood was pumped thru body

22
Q

Cardiac Output (Q)

A

The volume of blood pumped thru the body per minute. (mL blood/min). It is calculated by heart rate (x) stroke volume.

Cardiac output at rest is about 5 L/ min and may go as high ad 30 L/min under vigorous exercise.

23
Q

Measure HR during exercise

A

Take pulse for 6 seconds. Add a zero to the number of pulses felt.

Ex. 17 pulses in 6 seconds = 170 bpm.

24
Q

Blood: composition

A

Blood is made of three cells: RBC, WBC, and Platelets (45% of blood content)

Platelets help w/ clotting and contain growth factors that heal injuries.

Blood cells are suspended in plasma (55% of blood content) which contains nutrients like glucose, lipids, proteins, and also hormones.

25
Q

Blood volume in average adult

A

4 to 6 L

26
Q

Blood: The 3 Support Mechanisims

A

Transportation: Nutrients in and waste products out. Drives hormones, GF and stem cells to organs & tissues. Carries heat thru body.

Regulation: Regulates body temp and acid balance.

Protection: Clotting & infection fighting

27
Q

Stem Cells

A

Cells that divide & develop into specialized cells, such as brain cells, blood cells, heart cells & bone cells.

28
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest vessels, where arterioles & venules meet & nutrient exchange takes place.

29
Q

Frank Starling Law

A

Stroke volume increases when there is:

Increased venous return

Increased ventricle filling

Because increased ventricular filling improves contractile force as a result of the greater stretch of the muscle fibers of the heart.

Takeaway: Exercise improves stroke volume.

30
Q

Blood Pressure composition

A

Cardiac output & Peripheral resistance (the amt of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for blood to flow)

31
Q

Respiratory System

A

Includes the lungs, airway & respiratory muscles that draw oxygen into the lungs, where oxygen and co2 are exchanged.

32
Q

Inspiratory Ventilation

A

An Active process, that requires the contraction of inspiratory muscles to increase thoracic cavity volume, which decreases intrapulmonary pressure (air pressure w/i the thoracic cavity).

When intrapulmonary pressure drops below that of the atmosphere, air is drawn into the lungs.

33
Q

Structures of the Respiratory Pump: Bones

A

Sternum

Rib cage

Vertebrae

34
Q

Structures of the Respiratory Pump: Inspiration Muscles

A

Diaphragm

EXTERNAL Intercostals

Scalenes (side of neck)

Sternocleidomastoid (front of neck)

Pectoralis Minor

35
Q

Structures of the Respiratory Pump: Expiration Muscles

A

Internal intercostals

Abdominals

36
Q

Primary vs. Secondary Inspiratory muscles

A

Primary: Normal breathing

Diaphragm
External intercostals

Secondary: Heavy breathing

Scalenes
sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis minor

37
Q

Adult Respiratory Rate WNL

A

12 to 16 per min.

38
Q

Characteristics of Passive Expiratory Ventilation

A

The relaxation of contracting respiratory muscles (ie- the diaphragm rises)

39
Q

Characteristics of Active Expiratory Ventilation

A

An active process b/c expiratory muscles need to contract & compress the thoracic cavity to force air out.

40
Q

Relationship between inspiration and circulation

A

During inhalation, inter-thoracic pressure is lowered, causing a drop in the pressure to the right atrium, helping to improve circulation back to the heart.

41
Q

Conducting Airways vs. Respiratory Airways

A

Conducting: purify, humidify, warm/cool

Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
R&L Pulmonary bronchi
Bronchioles

Respiratory Airways: Diffusion happens here (o2 & co2 exchange)

Alveoli
Alveolar sacs

42
Q

Fundamental rule of Fat Loss

A

Fat cannot be burned (used for energy) w/o the presence of o2. Body mass can only be non-surgically removed from the body through the exhalation of co2.

43
Q

Tachypnea vs Bradypnea

A

Tachy: over 24

Brady: under 8

NASM-CPT (8 decks)

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