Endocrine System

Question 1

an organ /tissue which contains specific receptor sites to a particular hormone

Answer 1

Target organ or tissue

Question 2

Binding of hormone molecules to surface receptors on cell, triggers a __________ on target organ

Answer 2

preprogrammed response

Question 3

secrete hormone into the bloodstream

Answer 3

glandular cells or glandular epithelium

Question 4

Hormone comes from a Greek word “hormao” meaning?

Answer 4

to set into motion

Question 5

What are the 4 General effects of Hormones

Answer 5

1. Changes in plasma electrical permeability or electrical state
2. synthesis of proteins or regulatory molecules
3. activation and inactivation of enzymes
4. stimulation of mitosis

Question 6

steroidal hormones are formed from?

Answer 6

cholesterol

Question 7

Receptors of the steroidal hormones are in the? non-steroidal?

Answer 7

nucleus; plasma membrane

Question 8

steroidal hormones ______ through plasma membrane of target cell

Answer 8

diffuses

Question 9

What is formed when steroidal hormones binds to the receptor protein?

Answer 9

hormone-receptor complex

Question 10

What is the product of steroidal hormones?

Answer 10

new proteins

Question 11

Non-steroidal hormones are _______

Answer 11

amino-acid based and are water soluble

Question 12

receptor of the non-steroidal hormones are located on the target cells _____

Answer 12

plasma membrane

Question 13

what is the second messenger of the non-steroidal hormone

Answer 13

cAMP or cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Question 14

glands secrete their hormones in direct response to changing levels of ions or nutrients in the blood

Answer 14

humoral regulation

Question 15

glands secrete their hormones when directly stimulated by the nervous system

Answer 15

neural regulation

Question 16

glands secrete their hormones in response to hormones released by other endocrine glands

Answer 16

hormonal regulation

Question 17

oxytocin is regulated via this feedback mechanism

Answer 17

positive feedback

Question 18

deficient supply of the hormone

Answer 18

hyposecretion

Question 19

excessive supply of the hormone

Answer 19

hypersecretion

Question 20

Is hypothalamus a gland or not?

Answer 20

NOT

Question 21

What are the five releasing hormones of hypothalamus?

Answer 21

TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, PRH

Question 22

lies in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone at the base of the brain

Answer 22

pituitary gland

Question 23

pituitary gland is also called as

Answer 23

hypophysis

Question 24

a stalk-like structure that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

Answer 24

infundibulum

Question 25

blood vessels w/in the infundibulum that connect the capillaries of the hypothalamus to the capillaries of the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 25

hypophyseal portal veins

Question 26

specialized form of nerve cells that secrete a “neurotransmitter” into the bloodstream rather than into a synaptic cleft; found in the hypothalamus & some may extend to the posterior pituitary

Answer 26

neurosecretory cells

Question 27

posterior pituitary gland contains the __________ of neurosecretory cells whose cell bodies are in the hypothalamus

Answer 27

axons and axon terminals

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE: Posterior pituitary gland synthesize hormones.

Answer 28

FALSE

Question 29

plays a role in childbirth & lactation

Answer 29

oxytocin

Question 30

what is the target tissue of oxytocin?

Answer 30

smooth muscles in the walls of uterus

Question 31

what is the stimulus of the oxytocin?

Answer 31

pressure on cervix

Question 32

Growth hormone is also called as

Answer 32

somatotropin

Question 33

what are the target organs of somatotropin?

Answer 33

liver, adipose tissue, muscles, bones, cartilage

Question 34

how do growth hormone affect the blood glucose level?

Answer 34

it breaks down the adipose or fat for energy thereby increasing the glucose synthesis and blood glucose level

Question 35

what is the effect of growth hormone to the muscles, bone and cartilage?

Answer 35

it increases the mitosis, amino acids transport and protein synthesis

Question 36

occurs when there is excessive production of growth hormone after puberty

Answer 36

acromegaly

Question 37

What is the stimulus of melanocytes-stimulating hormone?

Answer 37

excess corticotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

Question 38

what is the target cell of MSH?

Answer 38

melanocyte

Question 39

What is the response of MSH?

Answer 39

skin darkening which occurs in hyposecretion of adrenal cortex

Question 40

promotes lactation

Answer 40

prolactin

Question 41

what is the response of prolactin?

Answer 41

milk production

Question 42

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is also called as

Answer 42

thyrotropin

Question 43

what is the stimulus of TSH?

Answer 43

TRH from hypothalamus

Question 44

what are the thyroid hormones?

Answer 44

T3, T4, calcitonin

Question 45

also called corticotropin

Answer 45

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 46

What is the target organ of ACTH?

Answer 46

adrenal cortex

Question 47

what is the stimulus of FSH?

Answer 47

GnRH or gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 48

what are the target organs of FSH?

Answer 48

testicles, follicles of ovaries

Question 49

Secretion of estrogen

Answer 49

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 50

Luteinizing hormone is also called ______ in males

Answer 50

interstitial cells stimulating hormone

Question 51

what are the target organ of LH?

Answer 51

interstitial cells of testicles and follicles of ovaries

Question 52

secretion of progesterone

Answer 52

luteinizing hormone

Question 53

release of mature egg cells

Answer 53

ovulation

Question 54

secretion of testosterone

Answer 54

LH or luteinizing hormone

Question 55

hormone is released into the circulation and distribution to _________

Answer 55

distant organs and tissues