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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

an organ /tissue which contains specific receptor sites to a particular hormone

A

Target organ or tissue

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2
Q

Binding of hormone molecules to surface receptors on cell, triggers a __________ on target organ

A

preprogrammed response

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3
Q

secrete hormone into the bloodstream

A

glandular cells or glandular epithelium

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4
Q

Hormone comes from a Greek word “hormao” meaning?

A

to set into motion

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5
Q

What are the 4 General effects of Hormones

A
  1. Changes in plasma electrical permeability or electrical state
  2. synthesis of proteins or regulatory molecules
  3. activation and inactivation of enzymes
  4. stimulation of mitosis
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6
Q

steroidal hormones are formed from?

A

cholesterol

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7
Q

Receptors of the steroidal hormones are in the? non-steroidal?

A

nucleus; plasma membrane

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8
Q

steroidal hormones ______ through plasma membrane of target cell

A

diffuses

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9
Q

What is formed when steroidal hormones binds to the receptor protein?

A

hormone-receptor complex

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10
Q

What is the product of steroidal hormones?

A

new proteins

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11
Q

Non-steroidal hormones are _______

A

amino-acid based and are water soluble

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12
Q

receptor of the non-steroidal hormones are located on the target cells _____

A

plasma membrane

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13
Q

what is the second messenger of the non-steroidal hormone

A

cAMP or cyclic adenosine monophosphate

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14
Q

glands secrete their hormones in direct response to changing levels of ions or nutrients in the blood

A

humoral regulation

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15
Q

glands secrete their hormones when directly stimulated by the nervous system

A

neural regulation

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16
Q

glands secrete their hormones in response to hormones released by other endocrine glands

A

hormonal regulation

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17
Q

oxytocin is regulated via this feedback mechanism

A

positive feedback

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18
Q

deficient supply of the hormone

A

hyposecretion

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19
Q

excessive supply of the hormone

A

hypersecretion

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20
Q

Is hypothalamus a gland or not?

A

NOT

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21
Q

What are the five releasing hormones of hypothalamus?

A

TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, PRH

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22
Q

lies in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone at the base of the brain

A

pituitary gland

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23
Q

pituitary gland is also called as

A

hypophysis

24
Q

a stalk-like structure that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

A

infundibulum

25
Q

blood vessels w/in the infundibulum that connect the capillaries of the hypothalamus to the capillaries of the anterior pituitary gland

A

hypophyseal portal veins

26
Q

specialized form of nerve cells that secrete a “neurotransmitter” into the bloodstream rather than into a synaptic cleft; found in the hypothalamus & some may extend to the posterior pituitary

A

neurosecretory cells

27
Q

posterior pituitary gland contains the __________ of neurosecretory cells whose cell bodies are in the hypothalamus

A

axons and axon terminals

28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Posterior pituitary gland synthesize hormones.

A

FALSE

29
Q

plays a role in childbirth & lactation

A

oxytocin

30
Q

what is the target tissue of oxytocin?

A

smooth muscles in the walls of uterus

31
Q

what is the stimulus of the oxytocin?

A

pressure on cervix

32
Q

Growth hormone is also called as

A

somatotropin

33
Q

what are the target organs of somatotropin?

A

liver, adipose tissue, muscles, bones, cartilage

34
Q

how do growth hormone affect the blood glucose level?

A

it breaks down the adipose or fat for energy thereby increasing the glucose synthesis and blood glucose level

35
Q

what is the effect of growth hormone to the muscles, bone and cartilage?

A

it increases the mitosis, amino acids transport and protein synthesis

36
Q

occurs when there is excessive production of growth hormone after puberty

A

acromegaly

37
Q

What is the stimulus of melanocytes-stimulating hormone?

A

excess corticotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

38
Q

what is the target cell of MSH?

A

melanocyte

39
Q

What is the response of MSH?

A

skin darkening which occurs in hyposecretion of adrenal cortex

40
Q

promotes lactation

A

prolactin

41
Q

what is the response of prolactin?

A

milk production

42
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is also called as

A

thyrotropin

43
Q

what is the stimulus of TSH?

A

TRH from hypothalamus

44
Q

what are the thyroid hormones?

A

T3, T4, calcitonin

45
Q

also called corticotropin

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

46
Q

What is the target organ of ACTH?

A

adrenal cortex

47
Q

what is the stimulus of FSH?

A

GnRH or gonadotropin releasing hormone

48
Q

what are the target organs of FSH?

A

testicles, follicles of ovaries

49
Q

Secretion of estrogen

A

follicle stimulating hormone

50
Q

Luteinizing hormone is also called ______ in males

A

interstitial cells stimulating hormone

51
Q

what are the target organ of LH?

A

interstitial cells of testicles and follicles of ovaries

52
Q

secretion of progesterone

A

luteinizing hormone

53
Q

release of mature egg cells

A

ovulation

54
Q

secretion of testosterone

A

LH or luteinizing hormone

55
Q

hormone is released into the circulation and distribution to _________

A

distant organs and tissues

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (11 decks)

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