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First Aid Pharmacology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin Rapid Acting

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine

  1. Binds insulin receptor fast and increases glucose stored as glycogen
  2. all diabetes
  3. hypoglycemia
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2
Q

long acting insulin
name
use

A

Detemir
Glargine

type 1 DM, type 2 and GDM

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3
Q

METFORMIN

mechanism
use
ude

A
  1. decreases gluconeogenesis and increase glycolysis (inc. insulin sensitivity)
  2. oral, first line for type 2, can cause weight loss
  3. lactic acidosis and disulfiram like reaction
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4
Q

Sulfonylureas

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

First gen:
Chlorprpamide
Tolbutamide

2nd gen:
Glimepiride
Glipizide
Glyburide

  1. closes potassium channel in cell membrane so insulin can work
  2. releases endogenous insulin for type 2 people
  3. disulfiram reaction
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5
Q

Thiazolidinediones

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone

  1. increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue
  2. for type 2 (safe to use in renal impairment)
  3. causes weight gain and hepatotoxic
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6
Q 
Meglitinides
name
mechanism
use 
ude
A

Nateglinide
Repaglinide

  1. simulates postprandial insulin release by blocking K channels
  2. type 2DM
  3. hypoglycemia
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7
Q

GLP-1 Analogs (incretins)

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

Exenatide
Liraglutide (sc injection)

  1. increase glucose dependent insulin release and decreases glucagon
  2. Type 2 DM
  3. pancreatitis and modest weight loss
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8
Q

DPP-4 Inhibitors

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

Linagliptin
Saxagliptin
Sitagliptin

  1. Block DPP 4 enzyme that deactivates GLP 1
  2. Type 2 DM
  3. urinary infection
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9
Q

Amylin Analogs

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

Pramlintide (sc injection)

  1. decrease gastric emptying and glucagon
  2. Type 1 and 2
  3. hypoglycemia
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10
Q

Sodium-Glucose Co transporter 2 (SGLT 2) Inhibitors

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin
Empagliflozin

  1. blocks reabsorption of glucose in PCT
  2. type 2
  3. glycosuria and UTI
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11
Q

Alpha Glucoside Inhibitors

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

Acarbose
Miglitol

  1. inhibits intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases and delay post parandyal hyperglycemia
  2. type 2 dm
  3. GI problems
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12
Q 
Thionamides
name
mechanism
use 
ude
A

Propylthyiouracil
Methimazole

  1. inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis and blocks the conversion of t4-t3
  2. hyperthyroidism
  3. skin rash, methimazole is teratogenic
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13
Q

PTU blocks what enzyme causing what?

A

5 deiodinase, blocking t4-t3

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14
Q

Levothyroxine (T$) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

name
mechanism
use
ude

A
  1. thyroid hormone replacement
  2. hypothyroidism and for weight loss
  3. tachy
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15
Q

ADH antagonist

use

A

Conivaptan
Tolvaptan

SIADH

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16
Q

Desmopressin Acetate

use

A

central DI

17
Q

Ocreotide

use

A

somatostatin analogue

treated acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, gastronome, glucagonoma and esophageal varicies

18
Q

demeclocycline

mechanism
use
ude

A
  1. ADH antagonist (part of tetracycline family)
  2. SIADH
  3. Nephrogenic DI and teeth abnormalities
19
Q

Glucocorticoids

name
mechanism
use
ude

A 
Beclomethasone
dexamethasone
hydrocortisone
methylprednisolone
prednisone
triamcinolone
  1. anti inflammation
    immunosuppression
    inhibition of phospholipase A2
    inhibition of NF-kB
  2. adrenal insufficiency, inflammation and asthma
    3.Cushing syndrome and weight gain
    adrenal insufficieny if stopped too fast
20
Q

Fludrocortisone

mechanism
use
ude

A
  1. aldosterone analogue
  2. mineralocorticoid replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency
  3. hyper pigmentation
21
Q

Cinacalcet

mechanism
use
ude

A
  1. sensitizes calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in parathyroid so it decreases PTH
  2. primary and secondary hyperthyroidism
  3. hypocalcemia

First Aid Pharmacology (13 decks)

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