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First Aid Pharmacology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

4 main classes of drugs used for primary HTN

A
  • Thiazide Diuretics
  • ACEI
  • ARBS
  • Calcium Channel Blockers Dihydropyridine
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2
Q

5 main classes of drugs to treat HTN with Heart Failure

A
  • Diuretics
  • ACEI
  • ARBS
  • Beta Blockers
  • Aldosterone Antagonist
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3
Q

5 main classes of drugs to treat HTN with diabetes mellitus

A
  • ACEI
  • ARBS
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Thiazide Diuretics
  • Beta Blockers
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4
Q

4 drugs to treat HTN in pregnancy

A

nifedipine
methyldopa
labetolol
hydralazine

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5
Q

name the non dihydropyreidine CA channel blockers

A

Diltiazem

Verapamil

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6
Q

name the Dihydropyridine Ca blockers

A 
Amlodipine
Celvidipine
Nicardipine
Nifedipine
Nimodipine
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7
Q

the type of channel that calcium channel blockers block

A

l-type

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8
Q

main ca blocker used on the heart

A

verapamil

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9
Q

main CA blocker used on vascular smooth muscle

A

amlodipine

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10
Q

use for nimodipine

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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11
Q

use for clevidipine

A

HTN urgency or crisis

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12
Q

4 UDE for non-dihydropyridines

A
  • cardiac depression
  • AV block
  • hyperprolactinemia
  • constipation
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13
Q

4 UDE for dihydropyridines

A
  • gingival hyperplasia
  • peripheral edema
  • dizziness
  • flushing
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14
Q

HYDRALAZINE

mechanism
clinical use
UDE

A
  1. increases cGMP = smooth muscle relaxation
    vasodialtes arterioles before veins
    reduces after load
  2. Severe HTN (safe for pregnancy use )
  3. compensatory tachycardia and LUPUS LIKE SYMPTOMS
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15
Q

coadminister hydralazine with what

A

Beta blocker so you don’t get reflex tacky

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16
Q

5 drugs for HTN Emergency

A 
clevidipine
fenoldopam
labetaolol
nicradipine
nitroprusside
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17
Q

NITROPRUSSIDE

mechanism
UDE

A
  1. increases cGMP by releasing NO

2. can cause cyanide toxicity

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18
Q

FENOLDOPAM

mechanism
UDE

A
  1. D1 receptor agonist - coronary, peripheral, renal and splanchnic vasodilation.
    decreases BP and increases natriuresis
  2. hypotension and tachycardia
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19
Q

drug of choice for malignant HTN

A

nitroprusside

20
Q

name the three nitrates

A

nitroglycerin
isosorbide dinitrate
isosorbide mononitrate

21
Q

Nitrates (NITROGLYCERIN, ISOSORBIDE DINITRIE AND MONONITRATE)

mechanism
clinical use
UDE

A
  1. use NO to vasodilator and increase cGMP. Dilates veins before arteries
  2. Acute coronary syndrome, angina and pulmonary edema
  3. Monday Disease- tolerance to the vasodilation effect during the work week and loss of tolerance over the weekend causing tacky, dizzy and headache on re-exposure
22
Q 
Effects of nitrates on
EDV
BP
contractility
HR
Ejection time
MVO2
A 
dec
dec
-
inc
dec
dec
23
Q 
Effects of beta blockers on
EDV
BP
contractility
HR
Ejection time
MVO2
A 
-
dec
dec
dec
inc
dec
24
Q 
effects of nitrates plus B Blocers on
EDV
BP
contractility
HR
Ejection time
MVO2
A 
-
dec
little/no effect
dec
little/no effect
really decrease!
25
Q

name the two partial beta blockers that are contraindicated in angina

A

pindolol

acebutolol

26
Q

RANOLAZINE

mechanism
use
UDE

A
  1. inhibits the late phase of the sodium channel so reducing o2 consumption
  2. anigina brought about by other medication
  3. QT prolongation
27
Q

name two HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

A

lovastatin

pravastatin

28
Q

STATINS

mechanism
use
UDE

A
  1. decreases LDL l
  2. inhibiting conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate (cholesterol precursor)
  3. Hepatotoxic
29
Q

name the three bile acid resisn

A

cholestyramine
colestipol
colesevelam

30
Q

BILE ACID RESINS

use
mechanism
UDE

A
  1. lowers LDL
  2. prevents the intestinal absorption of bile acids so the liver has to use cholesterol to make more
  3. decreased absorption of other drugs and fat soluble vitamins
31
Q

EZETIMIBE

mechanism
use
UDE

A
  1. stops cholesterol absorption in the small bowel

2. decreases LDL

32
Q

3 fibrate drugs

A

gemfibrozil
bezafibrate
fenofibrate

33
Q

FIBRATES

use
mechanism
ude

A
  1. decreases TGs
  2. upregulates LPL so increases the clearance of TG and activates PPAR-alpha to cause HDL synthesis
  3. myopathy and cholesterol gallstones
34
Q

NIACIN

use
mechanism
ude

A
  1. increases HDL
  2. stops hormone sensitive lipase and reduces VLDL synthesis
  3. flushed face, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia
35
Q

DIGOXIN

mechanism
use
ude

A
  1. inhibits the sodium potassium pump and also inhibits the sodium calcium pump so calcium increases in the cell and causes positive ionotropy
  2. HF and atrial fib
  3. hyperkalemia
36
Q

antidote for digoxin

A

normalize k+ and give anti-digoxin Fab fragments

37
Q

drugs that displace digoxin from binding to tissue binding sites

A

Verapamil
amiodarone
quinidine

38
Q

Class 1A antiarrhytmics

names
mechanism
use
ude

A
  1. Quinidine
  2. Procainamide
  3. Disopyramide
  4. increase AP duration
  5. atrial/ventricular arrhythmia
  6. cinchonism (headache, tinnitus - quinidine) and HF (dysopyramide)
39
Q

Class 1B

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

Lidocaine
Mexilitine
Phenytoin

  1. decrease AP duration
  2. post MI acute ventricular arrhythmia
  3. CNS stimulation or depression and cardiac depression
40
Q

Class 1C

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

Flecainide
Propefenone

  1. prolongs ERP in AV node ad AP is normal
  2. SVTs
  3. contraindicated in structural and ischemic heart disease
41
Q

Class 2 Antiarrhytmics BETA BLOCKERS

name
mechanism
use
ude

A 
Metoprolol
propanolol
esmolou
atenolol
timolol
carvedilol
  1. decreases SA and AV nodal activity by decreasing cAMP
  2. SVT, flutter and fib
  3. impotence
    dyslipidemia (metoprolol)
    vasospasm (propranolol)
42
Q

treat B Blocker over dose with?

A

atropine
glucagon
saline

43
Q

shortest acting B blocker

A

esmolol

44
Q

Class 3 Antiarrhytmics (potassium blockers)

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

Amiodarone
Ibutilide
Dofetilide
Stall

  1. increase AP and QT and ERP
  2. atrial fib, flutter and v tach
  3. stotalol-torsades de pointes
    ibutilide - torsades de pointes
    amiodarone - pulm fibrosis
45
Q

cals 4 antiarrhytmics CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
name

name
mechanism
use
ude

A

verapamil and diltiazem

  1. decreases conductive velocity
  2. prevent SVT
  3. flushing and edema
46
Q

ADENOSINE

mechanism
UDE

A
  1. decreases cAMP and increases K out of the cell so hyper polarizes the cell
  2. sense of impending doom
    3

First Aid Pharmacology (13 decks)

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