Endocrine 1: Principles

Question 1

What is homeostasis

Answer 1

maintaining constant internal environment amid changing conditions

Question 2

When homeostasis is lost, the organism tries to ______. If they fail, _____. If they succeed, ______.

Answer 2

compensate
the organism gets sick
wellness

Question 3

True or False: homeostasis is equilibrium. Explain why or why not

Answer 3

FALSE

it doesnt need to be eq, it just needs to be a dynamic steady

Question 4

What is feedback control?

Answer 4

a method to maintain homeostasis; letting the body know what to do to bring us back to eq

Question 5

Steps in a reflex are:

Answer 5

stimulus
sensor
afferent
integrating 
efferent
target
response

Question 6

What is a setpoint in homeostasis? Does a response get generated as soon as you leave the set point?

Answer 6

set point is what the usual conditions are

you get a response when you fluctuate in and around the setpoint

Question 7

What is a stabilizing loop? What is this also known as? Describe what happens

Answer 7

negative feedback

stimulus goes back and cancels original stimulus

Question 8

What is a reinforcing loop? aka? describe what happens:

Answer 8

positive feedback
stimulus goes back and reinforces response
can be influenced by outside factors to get inhibited

Question 9

Describe the steps of the cortisol release and negative feedback loop

Answer 9

1. hypothalamus gets stimulus
2. hyp releases CRH
3. CRH bind to anterior pituitary
4. AP releases ACTH
5. ACTH goes to adrenal cortex
6. adrenal cortex releases cortisol
7. cortisol goes to target tissue
   when enough cortisol is made, it goes back and suppressed CRH and ACTH release

Question 10

Describe the steps of uterine contraction positive feedback

Question 11

If a hormone is released in response to low blood pressure and acts to reduce blood pressure this is an example of

Question 12

Three type of local control/local cell communication methods

Question 13

What are gap junctions? What moves through them?

Question 14

What is a contact dependent signal?

Question 15

What are autocrine signals? Paracrine signals?

Question 16

What are 2 (3) type of long distance communication?

Question 17

How does the endocrine system send signals?

Question 18

Do hormones elicit a response in every cell they come across?

Question 19

How does the nervous system send signals?

Question 20

How does the neuroendorcrine system differ from the nervous and the endocrine system?

Question 21

What mediates simple relfexes?

Question 22

What mediates complex reflexes?

Question 23

What is the difference between a local response and a reflex response?

Question 24

What are the two BROAD types of sensors/receptors?

Question 25

What is a central receptor?

Question 26

What is a peripheral receptor?

Question 27

eyes, ears, nose, tongue are what type of receptor?

Question 28

chemo, osmo, thermo, baro, proprio, mechano are what type of receptor?

Question 29

True or false: all pathways in the nervous system are always the same

Question 30

neural vs neuroendocrine reflex pathway

Question 31

can there be more than one endocrine integrating center in a pathway?

Question 32

What is the difference in specificity of neural vs endocrine?

Question 33

Difference in nature of the signal: neuro vs endo

Question 34

Speed: Neuro vs endo reflex

Question 35

duration: neuro vs endo reflex

Question 36

how to code for stimulus intensity: neuro vs endo reflex

Question 37

What type of gland are hormones secreted from? where do they get secreted into?

Question 38

What is a primary vs secondary endo organ?

Question 39

P. SHALKS: secondary endo organs

Answer 39

``` pancreas stomach and si heart adipose tissue liver kidneys skin ```

Question 40

PPP THAT PO: primary endo organs

Answer 40

``` pituitary pineal parathyroid testes hypothal adrenal thyroid placenta ovaries ```

Question 41

t/f: hormones mae in multiple place sin the body

Question 42

t/f: hormones made in exocrine glands

Question 43

t/f: hormones don't need to be transported through blood

Question 44

t/f: hormones bind to receptors

Question 45

t/f: hormones don't have any effect on cell activity

Question 46

t/f: hormone signalling never turns off

Question 47

t/f: