Endocrine 1: Principles Flashcards
What is homeostasis
maintaining constant internal environment amid changing conditions
When homeostasis is lost, the organism tries to ______. If they fail, _____. If they succeed, ______.
compensate
the organism gets sick
wellness
True or False: homeostasis is equilibrium. Explain why or why not
FALSE
it doesnt need to be eq, it just needs to be a dynamic steady
What is feedback control?
a method to maintain homeostasis; letting the body know what to do to bring us back to eq
Steps in a reflex are:
stimulus sensor afferent integrating efferent target response
What is a setpoint in homeostasis? Does a response get generated as soon as you leave the set point?
set point is what the usual conditions are
you get a response when you fluctuate in and around the setpoint
What is a stabilizing loop? What is this also known as? Describe what happens
negative feedback
stimulus goes back and cancels original stimulus
What is a reinforcing loop? aka? describe what happens:
positive feedback
stimulus goes back and reinforces response
can be influenced by outside factors to get inhibited
Describe the steps of the cortisol release and negative feedback loop
- hypothalamus gets stimulus
- hyp releases CRH
- CRH bind to anterior pituitary
- AP releases ACTH
- ACTH goes to adrenal cortex
- adrenal cortex releases cortisol
- cortisol goes to target tissue
when enough cortisol is made, it goes back and suppressed CRH and ACTH release
Describe the steps of uterine contraction positive feedback
If a hormone is released in response to low blood pressure and acts to reduce blood pressure this is an example of
Three type of local control/local cell communication methods
What are gap junctions? What moves through them?
What is a contact dependent signal?
What are autocrine signals? Paracrine signals?
What are 2 (3) type of long distance communication?
How does the endocrine system send signals?
Do hormones elicit a response in every cell they come across?
How does the nervous system send signals?
How does the neuroendorcrine system differ from the nervous and the endocrine system?
What mediates simple relfexes?
What mediates complex reflexes?
What is the difference between a local response and a reflex response?
What are the two BROAD types of sensors/receptors?
What is a central receptor?
What is a peripheral receptor?
eyes, ears, nose, tongue are what type of receptor?
chemo, osmo, thermo, baro, proprio, mechano are what type of receptor?
True or false: all pathways in the nervous system are always the same
neural vs neuroendocrine reflex pathway
can there be more than one endocrine integrating center in a pathway?
What is the difference in specificity of neural vs endocrine?
Difference in nature of the signal: neuro vs endo
Speed: Neuro vs endo reflex
duration: neuro vs endo reflex
how to code for stimulus intensity: neuro vs endo reflex
What type of gland are hormones secreted from? where do they get secreted into?
What is a primary vs secondary endo organ?
P. SHALKS: secondary endo organs
pancreas stomach and si heart adipose tissue liver kidneys skin
PPP THAT PO: primary endo organs
pituitary pineal parathyroid testes hypothal adrenal thyroid placenta ovaries
t/f: hormones mae in multiple place sin the body
t/f: hormones made in exocrine glands
t/f: hormones don’t need to be transported through blood
t/f: hormones bind to receptors
t/f: hormones don’t have any effect on cell activity
t/f: hormone signalling never turns off
t/f:
