Embryology - reproductive system Flashcards
Shh:
- produced at?
- function?
- mutation causes?
- produced at: base of limbs in zones of polarity
- function:
1) patterning along A-P axis
2) . CNS development - mutation causes holoprosencephaly 前脑无裂畸形
Wnt-7:
- produced at?
- function?
- produced at apical ectodermal ridge
2. function: dorsal-ventral axis
FGF gene:
- produced at?
- function?
- produced at apical ectodermal ridge
2. function: stimulate mitosis of underlying mesoderm to length the limbs
Homeobox (Hox):
- function?
- mutation causes?
- function: segmental organization of embryo in craniocaudal directions
- mutation causes: appendages in wrong location
early fetal development:
day 0:
form zygote
early fetal development:
wk 1:
implantation of blastocyte, hCG secretion begins
early fetal development:
wk 2:
2 = 2 layers
form bilaminar disc (epiblast 上胚层)
early fetal development:
wk 3: 出现的重要结构?
3 = 3 layers
form trilaminar disc - gastrulation 原肠胚形成
出现的重要结构:
- primitive streak 原条
- notochord: 脊索
- mesoderm
- neural plate begins
which embroygenesis period is extremely susceptible to teratogens?
wks 3- 8
which embroygenesis period will neural tubes (胚层起源) be closed?
wk 4
胚层起源: ectoderm
early fetal development:
wk 4 events?
- heart starts to beat
- neural tube closes
- upper and lower limb buds start to form
(wk 4 = 4 limbs)
early fetal development:
wk 6 events?
heart beat can be detected by transvaginal ultrasound
early fetal development:
wk 10 events?
genitalia have male/female characteristics
gastrulation: define
form the 3 layers
neural crest: give rise to?
3P + ABCM
- PNS (DRG, cranial N, celiac ganglion, Schwann cells, ANS)
- Pia + arachnoid
- Parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid 【secrete calcitonin】
- Aorticopulmonary septum 【separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the inter ventricular septum】
- Branchial arches (Bones of the skull - 其余的骨是mesoderm形成, cartilage, odontoblasts 成齿质细胞)
- Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla
- Malanocytes
Dx: brain mass filled with cholesterol + calcification
胚胎起源?和哪些结构起源相同?
Craniopharyngioma
胚胎起源: Rathke pouch (surface ectoderm)
和哪些结构起源相同:
- adenohypophysis 腺垂体
- glands: parotid, sweat and mammary glands
- lens of eye,
- epithelial lining of oral cavity
- sensory organs of ear and olfactory epithelium
- epidermis
- anal canal below the pectinate line
mesoderm: 包括哪些结构?defects 口诀?
- spleen (liver, kidney等等都是内胚层)
- adrenal cortex (肾上腺髓质是neural crest外胚层起源)
- serous lining of body cavities
Notochord 脊索: function? postnatal derivative?
postnatal derivative: nucleus pulpous of the inter vertebrate disc
endoderm: 包括哪些结构?
- anal canal above the pectinate line (齿状线以下是neural crest -ectoderm origin)
- thyroid follicular cells (note: Parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid 【secrete calcitonin】- neural crest -ectoderm origin)
- 大部分内脏
Define: what type of error in organ morphogenesis is this:
absent organ due to absent primordial tissue
agenesis 缺如
Define: what type of error in organ morphogenesis is this:
absent organ despite presence of primordial tissue
aplasia 发育不全
Define: what type of error in organ morphogenesis is this:
incomplete organ , despite presence of primordial tissue
hypoplasia
Define: what type of error in organ morphogenesis is this:
2° breakdown of a previously normal tissue or structure; example?
disruption
amniotic band syndrome 羊膜索综合征:
Amniotic band syndrome (ABS):
-rare congenital disorder that results when the amnion is damaged. This produces bands, or fibers, to wrap around or trap parts of the fetus, decreasing blood flow to those areas.
- Hands and fingers are the most common body parts to be affected by ABS, but it also may damage the face, legs or toes.
- Effects can range from slight creases in the skin to severe limb deformity or amputation. ABS is one of the main causes of club foot. Since the bands are slender, ABS often is difficult to diagnose by prenatal ultrasound. Most cases are found at birth.
amniotic band syndrome
Amniotic band syndrome (ABS):
- rare congenital disorder that results when the amnion is damaged. This produces bands, or fibers, to wrap around or trap parts of the fetus, decreasing blood flow to those areas.
- Hands and fingers are the most common body parts to be affected by ABS, but it also may damage the face, legs or toes.
- Effects can range from slight creases in the skin to severe limb deformity or amputation. ABS is one of the main causes of club foot. Since the bands are slender, ABS often is difficult to diagnose by prenatal ultrasound. Most cases are found at birth.