Behavioral Science Flashcards
use of alendronate sodium?
阿伦膦酸盐, block osteoclasts, 用于治疗骨质疏松
use of teriparatide?
特立帕肽, stimulate osteoblasts, 用于治疗骨质疏松
诊断精神病时measure的代谢产物:
Dopamine?
NE?
5-HT?
Dopamine: HVA (homovanilliac acid, 高香草酸) 记忆法:DA和HVA都以A结尾
NE: VMA(vanillylmandelic acid, 香草扁桃酸)
MHPG (3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol; 3-甲氧基4-羟基苯乙二醇)
5-HT:5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindoleacetid acid; 5-羟(基)吲哚乙酸)
DA converted to NE的主要location?
locus ceruleus 蓝斑,脑桥色素核
serotonin/5-HT的前体?作用?localization?
derived from Tryptophan (5-HT: T = tryptamine)
controls mood, sleep, sexuality, impulse
elevated 5-HT: improved mood and sleep, decreased sexual function
过高导致psychotic symptoms
生成5-HT的神经元locate in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the upper pons and lower midbrain
anti-AD drugs? (FDA approved 5)
2 types:
- AchE blockers (to increase [Ach] ): donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantine (Reminyl), tacrine (Cognex)
- NMDA-R antagonist: Memantine (Nemenda)
抗精神病药物引起sedation, increased appetite and weight gain最常见的机制是?
block histamine receptor
Ach异常implicated in which diseases?
Ach decrease: AD
glutamate异常implicated in which diseases?
Glut : AD and schizophrenia
serotonin异常?
5-HT decrease: 1) assaultive, impulsive, aggressive behavior ; 2) depression, 3) bulimia 神经性贪食
(measured by 5-HIAA)
NE异常?
NE decrease: depression (measured by VMA)
DA异常?
DA decrease: PD (measured by HVA)
DA increase: schizophrenia
amygdala responsible for?
- evaluate sensory stimuli to emotion;
i. e.: see photos taken in a difficult time - hateful feelings - in Kluver-Bucy sym (性格变得温顺,好吃,性欲增强)
anxiety中神经递质的变化?
↑ NE, ↓ GABA, ↓ 5-HT,
depression mostly associated with which region of the brain?
left front lobe
decreased impulse control, poor social behavior, lack of characteristic modesty: damage in which brain area?
orbitofrontal cortex
lesion results in disinhibition, inappropriate behavior, poor judgement
decreased executive functioning (motivation, concentration, attention): lesion?
dorsolateral convexity of the frontal lobe
schizophrenia中神经递质的变化?
increased HVA (= increased DA)
Dx: intense abdominal pain + psychiatric symtoms (such as delusion) + purplish red urine?
porphyria
increased porphobilinogen in urine
If using Lithium (mood stabilizer), what should be monitored?
thyroid function + kidney function
- can develop hypothyroidism, occasionally hyperthyroidism
- narrow therapeutic window
Addison disease
hypocortisolism
physical Cx: skin hyper pigmentation, low BP, pain, fainting, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, vomitting
+ psychiatric sym: fatigue, depression, psychosis, confusion
porphyria: Cx?
abdominal cramping, diarrhea, vomiting, seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, flushing, “PURPLE/RED URINE” - caused by elevated porphobilinogen
paranoid delusion, hallucinations, depression, anxiety
计算IQ formule? normal range?
cut-off for retardation?
superior intelligence?
borderline?
IQ = MA/CA * 100 (mental age/chronological age)
normal range: 90-109
mean = 100, SD = 15
IQ < mean - 2 SD = 70: retardation
IQ > mean + 2 SD = 130: superior intelligence
71-84: borderline
Dx delusion vs. hallucination
delusion: false belief
hallucination: false perception
e.g.: pts complains that CIA is listening to her telephone - delusion