医学单词 Flashcards
1
Q
retrosternal
A
胸骨
2
Q
polycythemia
A
红细胞增多症
3
Q
polyposis, polyp
A
息肉
4
Q
pectus excavatum
A
漏斗胸 (Mafan’s 症状)
4
Q
Epistaxis
A
鼻出血
5
Q
scoliosis
A
脊柱侧凸
6
Q
alopecia
A
[,ælә’pi:ʃiә] 脱发
7
Q
ophthalmoplegia
A
眼肌麻痹
8
Q
cheilosis
A
唇干裂
9
Q
convulsion
A
惊厥,抽搐
10
Q
phenytoin
A
苯妥英,抗癫痫药,可诱发叶酸缺乏
11
Q
transketolase
A
转羟乙醛酶
12
Q
homogentisic acid
A
尿黑酸 (Alkaptonuria)
13
Q
sprue[spru:]
A
口炎性腹泻
14
Q
malonyl
A
丙二酰基
15
Q
adenosyl
A
腺嘌呤核苷基
16
Q
hemachromatosis
A
血色素沉着病
17
Q
osteomalacia
A
软骨病
18
Q
stupor
A
麻木
19
Q
Dysgeusia
A
味觉障碍
20
Q
carnitine
A
肉碱
21
Q
homogentisic acid
A
尿黑酸
22
Q
gargoylism
A
脂肪软骨营养不良
23
Q
iduronidase
A
艾杜糖苷酸酶, 在Hurler’s syn中缺乏
24
iduronate sulfatase
艾杜糖醛酸硫酸酯酶, Hunter's syn缺乏
25
dyslipidemia
血脂障碍
26
Acanthocytosis
棘红细胞[增多]症
27
aveoli
肺泡
28
aplastic anemia
再障
29
methemoglobinemia
正铁血红蛋白血[症]
30
alkalosis
碱中毒
31
eosinophilic
嗜曙红的, 嗜酸性的
eosinophils: parasitic infection, IgE-mediated allergy
32
hydronephrosis
肾盂积水
33
metaplasia
组织变形,组织转化
| one cell type replaces another
34
dysplasia
发育异常; disordered cell growth, can proceed to cancer
e.g.: squamous dysplasia of cervix: cells lack orientation, nuclei enlarge, irregular nuclear margin
35
liquefactive
液化的
36
caseous
```
干酪样的
caseous necrosis (典型:TB granuloma)
```
37
carcinoid
类癌
38
confabulation
虚构(神经症状)
39
parethesias
感觉异常
40
asterixis
扑翼性震颤
41
hydroxybutyrate
羟基丁酸 (acetyl-CoA代谢产物),酮体之一
42
rubor, tumor, calor, dolor
redness, swelling, heat, pain
43
gingivitis
龈炎
44
opsonin
调理素 (chemotaxis中,attach to bacteria)
45
Arachidonic acid
精氨琥珀酸(花生四烯酸)
46
anasarca (ana'sarca )
普遍性水肿, 皮下水肿
47
granulomatous
肉芽肿的
48
keloid
瘢痕瘤,瘢痕疙瘩
| raised scar caused by excessive syn of Type III collagen. common in African Americans, may result from 3rd-degree burns
49
rouleaux
缗钱状,钱串状
| rouleaux formation of RBC: i. ESR
50
CRP
C-reactive protein
marker of necrosis with acute inflammation (e.g.: disrupted atherosclerotic plaques; bact. infection) and disease activity (rheumatoid arthritis)
51
hives
荨麻疹, type I hypersensitivity reaction
52
turgor
充盈,
53
supine
卧位
54
effusions
积液
55
pretibial myxedema
胫骨前粘液水肿,胫前粘液性水肿
56
anasarca
普遍性水肿, 皮下水肿
57
megakaryocyte
巨核细胞, platelet derived from megakaryocytes in BM
58
thrombasthenia
血小板机能不全
59
transudate
漏出液 (protein- and cel-poor) vs. exudate (protein- and cell-rich)
60
filariasis
丝虫病, 引起lymphedema
61
delirium
谵妄, 发狂, 妄想
62
petechiae
瘀点 【pe'techi'ai]
63
pneumothorax
气胸 【numo'thorax]
64
acetaminophen
扑热息痛
65
tinnitus
耳鸣
66
stasis dermatitis
停滞性皮炎 (discoloration around ankle)
sign of deep vein thrombosis
67
granulomatous [granu'loumatous]
肉芽肿的
68
pheochromocytoma
嗜铬细胞瘤,
69
tricuspid
三尖瓣
70
coarctation
缩窄
71
infundibular stenosis
漏斗部狭窄(法乐氏四联症之一)
72
syncope [sinkapi:]
晕厥
73
marantic
消瘦的,消耗性的
74
myxoma
粘液瘤
75
pernicious
恶性的 pernicious anemia
76
schistocyte
裂红细胞(MHA: micro- or macro-hemolytic anemia的征象), mostly caused by aortic stenosis (被机械力量打碎)
77
preeclampsia
先兆子痫
78
Plasmodia
疟原虫
79
inguinal
腹股沟的
80
vulvar
外阴的
81
pruritus
瘙痒
83
dyscrasias
恶液质
84
insidious
隐匿的
85
uremic
尿毒症的
86
urticaria
荨麻疹
87
kernicterus
核黄疸
88
hemoptysis [hi'moptisis]
咯血
89
fremitus ['fremitus]
震颤
90
percussion
叩诊
91
epiglottitis
会厌炎
92
choanal atresia
鼻后孔闭锁
93
atelectasis [ate'lectasis]
肺不张
94
nosocomial
医院的,医源性的
95
crackles
湿罗音
96
kyphoscoli'osis
脊柱侧突
97
pneumoconiosis
pneumoconi'osis 尘肺病
98
habitus
体型
99
bronchiectasis
支气管扩张
100
ferruginous bodies
铁锈色体 (见于石棉肺)
101
mediastinum
纵膈
102
eustachian
咽鼓管
103
otitis
耳炎
104
Lichen planus
扁平苔藓
105
dentigerous cyst
含牙囊肿
106
caries
龋齿
107
mandible
下颌的
108
verrucous
疣的
109
parotid [pa'rotid]
腮腺的
110
fistula
瘘
111
diverticulum [diver'ticulum]
憩室,膨胀; pl: diverticula
112
halitosis
口臭
113
hernia
疝
114
hiatal
裂孔的
115
epigastric
舒服不
116
hematemesis [hema'temesis]
呕血
117
varices
静脉曲张
118
bulimia
贪食
bulimia nervosa: 神经性贪食
119
pneumomediastinum
纵膈积气
120
achalasia [eika'leshia]
失弛缓性,弛缓不能
121
leiomyoma
平滑肌瘤
122
pyloric
幽门的
123
colicky
疝气的
124
dysentery ['disәntәri]
痢疾
125
tenesmus [te'nismas]
里急后重, 下坠
126
hematochezia [ha'matou'kizia]
便血
127
atresia
闭锁
128
intussusception [intusa'seption]
套叠
129
sigmoid
已状结肠
130
inguinal
腹股沟的
131
scrotal
阴囊的
132
incarceration
箝闭
133
angiodysplasia
血管发育异常
134
cecum
盲肠
135
ectasias
扩张
136
vitelline [vi'teli:n]
卵黄的
137
omphalomesenteric
脐肠系膜的
138
somatostatin
促生长素抑制素;
139
epigastric
上腹部的
140
anorexia
食欲缺乏
141
pylephlebitis
门静脉炎
142
peliosis
紫癜
143
hematobilia
胆道出血
144
cholestatic, cholestasis
胆汁郁积
145
hemosiderin
含铁血黄素
146
cholangitis
胆管炎
147
hydatid
囊, 棘球囊, 棘球蚴囊, 包虫囊
148
thiolase
乙酰辅酶A乙酰基转移酶
149
cavernous hemangioma
海绵状血管瘤
150
malaise
不适
151
steatosis
脂肪变性
152
subcostal
肋骨下的
tenderness over the right subcostal area: cholecystitis
153
cholecystokinin
胆囊收缩素
154
azotemia [eizou'timia]
氮血症 ↑ serum BUN + creatinine
155
mesangial
肾小球系膜
156
periorbital
眶周的
157
pyelonephritis
肾盂肾炎
158
groin
腹股沟
159
colloid
胶体, 胶质; 胶态的
160
impetigo
脓疱病
161
uremic
尿毒症的
162
pauci-immune
微量免疫
163
pyuria
脓尿
164
retroperitoneal
腹膜后的
165
extrophy
外翻
166
epispadias
尿道上裂
167
cystitis
膀胱炎
168
cystocele
膀胱疝 (bladder wall protrudes into the vagina)
169
choriocarcinoma
绒毛膜癌
170
Chlamydia
衣原体
171
perineum
会阴
172
gynecomastia
男子女性型乳房
173
tumescence
肿胀
174
treponema pallidum
苍白密螺旋体,梅毒螺旋体,
175
venereal warts
尖锐湿疣
176
curettage
刮除术
177
leiomyoma
平滑肌瘤
178
adnexal
附件的
179
nulliparity
未经产
180
vasectomy
输精管切除术
181
calyces
盏,盂,(花)萼,输卵管萼,蕈体冠(前脑)
182
hemianopia
偏盲
183
craniopharyngioma
颅咽管瘤
184
sella turcica/ intrasellar
蝶鞍/ 蝶鞍内
185
acropachy
杵状指
186
debridement
清创术
187
psoriasis/psoriatic
牛皮癣、牛皮癣的
188
ecchymoses
瘀斑
189
hyperparakeratosis
过度不全角化
190
stratum corneum
角质层
191
urticaria
hives, 荨麻疹
192
scapular
n. 肩胛, 肩胛骨, 肩绷带
| a. 肩胛骨的
193
bullous / bullae
大疱
194
clubbing
杵状指
195
actinic keratosis
光化性角化病
196
seborrheic keratosis
脂溢性角化病
197
papules
丘疹
198
contracture
挛缩
199
dystonia
张力障碍
200
spasmodic torticollis
痉挛性斜颈
201
blepharospasm
脸痉挛
202
myoclonus
肌阵挛
203
Hemiballism
偏身抽搐,偏身颤抽
204
parvovirus
细小病毒 (DNA v), cause erythema infectiousum (5th disease, slap face)
205
paramyxovirus
副粘液病毒 (RNA v., cause Rubeola = regular measles)
206
togavirus
批盖病毒, (RNA v, cause Rubella = German measles, 3-day麻疹,会致畸)
207
exanthem
疹,皮疹
208
varicella
水痘
209
zoster
带状疱疹
210
pruritic
瘙痒的
211
impetigo
脓疱
212
pemphigus
天疱疮
213
myasthenia, myoclonus, myotonia
myasthenia,: 肌无力 myoclonus: 肌阵挛 myotonia: 肌强直
214
urticaria
hives, 荨麻疹
215
acanthosis
棘皮症 associated with psoriasis
216
acantholysis
皮肤棘层松解 associated with spongiotic dermatitis (such as eczematous dermatitis)
217
metaphysis/ diaphysis / epiphysis
干骺端/骨干、/骺
218
mydriasis
瞳孔放大
219
dysarthria
构音障碍
220
fasciculation
(肌纤维)自发性收缩,成束,束状
221
nystagmus
(希)眼球震颤,眼球震颤,眼震
222
Gracile fasciculus
| Cuneate fasciculus
Gracile fasciculus: 薄束
| Cuneate fasciculus: 楔束 (合起来形成dorsal column system, ascending pathway)
223
trigeminal neuralgia
三叉神经痛
224
lacrimation
流泪
225
ptosis
上睑下垂
226
adduction
内收
227
incontinence
失禁, 无节制
228
ciliary ganglion
睫状神经节
229
miosis
瞳孔缩小
230
agenesis
complete absence of an organ
231
aponeurosis
腱膜
232
periosteum
骨膜
232
periosteum
骨膜
232
periosteum
骨膜
233
dura mater
pia mater
硬脑(脊)膜,硬膜:包裹在脑和脊髓表面的三层脑膜中的最外层
软脊膜,
234
scoliosis
脊柱侧凸
235
abducens
展神经; 眼外直肌
236
psammoma bodies
沙(粒)瘤小体,砂砾体
if in CNS: meningioma
237
syringomyelia
脊髓空洞症
238
proprioception
本体感觉
239
commissure
连和,(拉commissurra)(神经)连合,接合缘(古生物),接索(昆虫)
240
decussate
【医】 交叉, 交叉的
241
tabes dorsalis
脊髓痨,脊髓痨,运动性共济失调 (神经梅毒)
242
hemiballism
偏身抽搐,偏身颤抽
243
phrenic
膈的,同diaphragmatic,精神的
243
phrenic
膈的,同diaphragmatic,精神的
243
phrenic
膈的,同diaphragmatic,精神的
244
quadriplegia
四肢麻痹(瘫痪)的
245
biceps brachii
肱二头肌
246
thrombophlebitis
血栓静脉炎
247
cusp
医】 尖
248
trapezius
斜方肌(肌肉)
249
coarctation
缩窄
250
ate'lectasis
肺膨胀不全
251
scapula
肩胛(骨
252
submandibular
下颌下的
253
achalasia
贲门失迟缓症
253
Lacrimation
流泪
253
Lacrimation
流泪
255
Mydriasis
瞳孔放大
256
Cycloplegia
睫状肌麻痹
257
torsade de pointes
扭转型室性心动过速
258
Narcolepsy
嗜眠发作
| 【医】 发作性睡眠
259
Ephedrine
麻黄碱
260
endarterectomy
动脉内膜切除术
261
amphotericin
两性霉素
262
mycosis
霉菌病
263
ototoxicity
中耳毒性
264
'ethycrynic acid
依他尼酸,利尿酸,天尼酸[利尿药]
loop diuretics
265
indapamide
吲达胺,长效降压片,吲满胺,吲满速尿,吲满酰胺,吲达帕胺,寿比山
thiazide利尿剂,inhibit Na+/CL -transporter in the distal convoluted tubule
266
vincristine
长春新碱
vinca alkaloids: 长春花碱类
common side effects: neurotoxicity (interfere with microtubule formation in the nerve axons)
267
cyclophosphamide
环磷酰胺
side effects: burning on urination and urgency (cyclophosphamide- or ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis)
268
cisplatin
顺铂
platinum-containing agents cause nephrotoxicity,
this has to be prevented by aggressive hydration and amifostine
269
summary: side effects of chemotherapy drugs
vincristine: 外周神经毒性 neurotoxicity (interfere with microtubule formation in the nerve axons)- finger numbness and tangling
cyclophosphamide : 出血性膀胱炎 burning on urination and urgency (cyclophosphamide- or ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis)
cisplatin: 肾毒性 (生成ROS, 损伤肾小管), 预防需要1)IV 大剂量生理盐水; 2)amifostine: thiol-based free-radical scavenger
methotrexate (MTX) overdose: leucovorin (folinic acid)
to treat vomit and nausea: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (-setrons, such as ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron)
"tumor lysis syn": 电解质紊乱+急性肾衰, 解毒用aggressive hydration + alkalinization of the urine + allopurinol (别嘌呤醇)
270
hi'rudin
水蛭素; lepirudin: 重组水蛭素
direct thrombin inhibitors, DOC for HIT when heparin is used
271
clindamycin
克林霉素
side effects: pseudomembranous colitis
272
metro'nidazole
甲硝唑; 灭滴灵
side effects: GI (nausea, vomit, abdominal pain) + neurological (dizziness, paresthesias)
273
cladribine
克拉屈滨,2-氯脱氧腺苷
DOC for hairy cell leukemia
274
dystonia
张力障碍
275
corpus callosum
胼胝体
276
otitis media
中耳炎
277
clostridium
梭状芽胞杆菌
278
trismus
牙关紧闭 (= lock jaw ) - tetanus
279
ecthyma gangrenosum
坏疽性深脓疱病 - 绿脓杆菌感染
in immunocompromised patients
280
fimbriae
伞毛,菌毛
281
dysentery
痢疾
282
leptospira
Borrelia
Treponema
钩端螺旋体属,细螺旋体属
包柔式螺旋体
密螺旋体属,梅毒螺旋体
283
smallpox
天花
284
chickenpox
水痘
285
mumps
腮腺炎
286
rubella
风疹
287
togavirus
披盖病毒
288
reovirus
the only RNA virus with ds , 呼肠病毒(一组抗醚性RNA病毒)
289
parvovirus
细小病毒
290
roseola
蔷薇疹
caused by HHV-6; high fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by diffused macular rash
291
orthomyxoviruses
正粘液病毒
292
filoviruses
纤丝病毒
Ebola/marburg hemorrhagic fever
293
Chlamydia trachomatis
沙眼衣原体
295
thrombophlebitis
血栓静脉炎
296
Kernicterus
脑核性黄疸,核黄疸
299
toxoplasma
弓形体 toxoplasmosis
300
Clostridium perfringens
产气荚膜梭状芽胞杆菌 exotoxin is a lecithinase (= phospholipase C) to degrade membrane phospholipids including lecithin, leading to cell membrane destruction and death
301
postular
脓疱的, 有脓疱的
302
belch
嗳气
303
primigravid
初孕的
304
sacroiliitis
骶髂关节炎
305
infratentorial
(小脑)幕下的
306
coloboma iridis
虹膜缺损
307
calcarine sulcus
距状沟
308
cingulate gyrus
扣带回
309
sphenoid sinus
蝶(状)窦
310
clivis
医】 小脑山坡; 坡, 山坡
311
cuneus
楔叶(大脑)
312
diploe
板障(骨)
313
vermis cerebelli
小脑蚓部
314
fornix
】 穹窿, 穹
315
infundibulum
动脉圆锥 (在垂体下面)
316
colliculi
丘
317
putamen
pu'tamen (豆状核)
和caudate nucleus间夹着内囊
318
claustrum
屏状核
319
insula
岛叶, 脑岛
320
crus cerebri
大脑脚,大脑脚底
321
velum interpositum
大脑中帆,第三脑室脉络组织
322
trochlear
滑车的
323
quandrigeminum
四叠体
324
conus medullaris
(拉)脊髓圆锥
325
tentorial
(小脑)幕的
326
rami communicans
交通支
327
maxillary
a. 颌的, 上颌骨的
| mandibular: 下颌[骨]的
328
'maxillary
a. 颌的, 上颌骨的
man'dibular: 下颌[骨]的
329
gastrocnemius
腓肠肌
330
tarsal
跗骨的, 睑板的
331
parotid
腮腺
332
otic
耳的
333
myasthenic
【医】 肌无力的, 肌衰弱的
334
tuber cinereum
灰结节
335
anosmia
嗅觉缺失
336
sphenoid bone
蝶骨(视N从蝶骨里的optic nerve groove入脑)
337
interpeduncular fossa
脚间窝 (动眼N从这里exit the brain stem)
338
intort
内旋
339
cycloplegia
睫状肌麻痹
paralysis of accommodation
340
orbicularis
轮匝肌
orbicularis oculi: 眼轮匝肌
341
buccinator
'buksinaitor
颊肌
342
phonation
发声
343
asphyxia
窒息
344
foramen magnum
[fa'reimen] 枕骨大孔
345
mastication
咀嚼,
346
presbycusis
老年性耳聋,
347
lemniscus
(复lemnisci)丘系
348
anhidrosis
无汗症
349
dystaxia
共济失调
350
dysmetria
辨距不良, 辨距障碍
351
dysdiadochokinesia
轮替运动障碍
352
genu ['dʒenju:]
膝
353
hemianopia
偏盲
354
claustrum
屏状核
355
meperidine
哌替啶; 度冷丁
356
hemiballism
偏身抽搐,偏身颤抽 (lesion in subthalamic nucleus)
357
enkephalin
脑啡肽
358
kernicterus
核黄疸
359
tardive dyskinesia
迟发性运动障碍,动作缓慢
(drug- caused sun: repetitive choleric movement that affects the face and trunk;
from phenothiazines, butyrophenones, metoclopramide
360
dyslexia
诵读困难
361
anosognosia
疾病感缺失
362
apraxia [a'praksia]
精神性]运用不能, 失用[症];
363
prosopagnosia ['prousou'pagnousia]
面部失认
364
alexia
失读
365
locus ceruleus
蓝斑 (NE-richest neurons, discharge causes panic attacks)
366
sciatica (sciatic neuropathy) [sai'atik]
坐骨神经痛
367
piriformis
梨状肌
368
patellar [pә'telә]
膝盖骨的
【医】 髌的
patellar reflex: 膝反射
369
satiety [sә'taiiti]
n. 满足, 饱食, 厌腻
| 【医】 饱满感
370
scotoma
盲点
复scotomata
371
cunei
(单cuneus)楔叶(大脑)
372
area postrema
最后区 (dorsal surface of the medulla, agh the caudal end of the 4th ventricle)
chemoreceptor tigger zone位于此处,没有BBB, which allows it to sample chemicals circulating in the blood. 化疗病人如果刚开始接受化疗就很快呕吐,认为是刺激了最区的CTZ
373
tibial
【医】 胫骨的
374
peroneal / fibula
【医】 腓骨的, 腓侧的 /腓骨
375
sural
腓肠的, 小腿肚的
376
obturator
闭孔肌
377
styloid process
茎突
378
hyoid
舌骨
379
stapes
(复stapedes)镫骨,镫
380
malleus
锤骨
381
maxilla
上颌骨
382
mandible
下颌骨,
383
zy'goma
颧骨
384
vomer
梨骨
385
incus
n. 砧骨
386
tuberoinfundibular
结节漏斗(DA)系统
387
canaliculus [复数:canaliculi】
小管
388
atekectasis [ati'lectasis]
肺不张
389
tibia/ tibial
胫骨/胫骨的
390
pyknotic
固缩的, 致密的
391
coarctation
缩窄
392
sartorius
[sɑ:'tɒ:riәs]
| n. 缝匠肌
393
clavicle
锁骨
394
greater tubercle
大结节,大结子
395
thenar/ thenar eminence
a. 手掌的, 足底的
【医】 鱼际; 鱼际的, 掌的
thenar eminence: 鱼际
396
obturator n
闭孔神经
397
fibular
腓骨的
398
epicondyle / condyle
上踝 / condyle= n. 骨节, 髁
399
gluteal
臀的
400
sartorius [sɑ:'tɒ:riәs]
缝匠肌
401
pectineus
耻骨肌
402
'gracilis
股薄肌
403
plantar
['plæntә]
| a. 脚底的, 跖的
404
sural
['sjuәrәl]
| a. 腓肠的
405
saphenous
【医】 隐[静脉]的
406
popliteal
[pɒp'litiәl]
| a. 膝后弯的, 腘的
407
menisci
(单niscus)半月板
408
patella
[pә'telә]
| n. 膝盖骨, 髌骨
409
scalene ['skeili:n]
斜角肌的
410
philtrum
['filtrәm]
| n. 人中
411
crabriform plate
筛(状)板
412
gastroepiploic
胃网膜的
413
pudendal
会阴部的
414
ischial spine
坐骨棘
415
mesovarium
卵巢系膜
416
varicocele / varices
n. 精索静脉曲张/静脉曲张
417
psoas ['souas]
. 腰肌
| 【医】 腰[大]肌
418
lordosis [lɒ:'dәusis]
脊柱前凸
419
omentum
(复omenta)网膜
420
Gastric cardia
胃贲门
421
ischioanal fossa
坐骨肛门窝
422
hemiazygous vein
半奇静脉
drain blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen.
423
piriform recess
梨状隐窝
424
climacterium
更年期
425
anhedonic
快感缺失,兴致缺乏
426
malingering
诈病, 装病
427
delirium tremens
震颤性谵妄
428
'narcolepsy
n. 嗜眠发作
| 【医】 发作性睡眠
429
hypnagogic [hipna'gogik]
入眠前的
430
hypno'pompic
半醒的, 睡梦中的
hypnopompic hallucination
半醒前幻觉
431
'cataplexy
猝倒
432
hypochon'driasis
疑病
433
agrophobia
广场恐怖,旷野恐怖
434
bulimia
贪食
435
enu'resis
尿床
436
encopresis
大便失禁
437
akathisia
静坐不能
a subjective, uncomfortable feeling of motor restlessness related to use of some antipsychotics.
438
tardive
迟发性,延迟性
439
frotteurism
摩擦淫
440
fetishism
恋物癖
441
voyeurism
观淫癖
442
altruism
利他主义, 利他