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eMRCS questions > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues formed from mesoderm

A

Muscle
Cardiac muscle
Kidney
Bone
Cartilage
Adipose
Circulatory system
Lymphatics
Dermis
Dentine of teeth
GU system
Testes
Serous membranes
Spleen
Notochord

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2
Q

Tissues formed from ectoderm

A

The surface ectoderm develops into: epidermis, hair, nails, lens of the eye, sebaceous glands, cornea, tooth enamel, the epithelium of the mouth and nose.
Note: The anterior pituitary develops from the ectodermal tissue of Rathke’s pouch.

The neural crest of the ectoderm develops into: peripheral nervous system, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, facial cartilage.

The neural tube of the ectoderm develops into: brain, spinal cord, posterior pituitary, motor neurons, retina.

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3
Q

Tissues formed from endoderm

A

Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
SI
Colon
Liver
Pancreas
Bladder

Epithelial trachea and bronco

Lungs - develop from GI tract
Thyroid
Parathyroid

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4
Q

Development of CV system

A

3rd week- formation of the primitive heart tube
Angiogenic cells
Suspended in pericardial membrane
From superior to inferior, the primitive heart tube is comprised of six regions:
Aortic roots (Arterial poles)
Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis- ventricles
Ventricle
Atrium
Sinus venosus (Venous poles)

Bulbus cordis moves- ventrally, caudally and right
Ventricles- move dorsally, cranially and left

First organ in embryo beginning to function - beating in 4th week

Septum primium forms in 4th week

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5
Q

What does sinus venous form

A

Atrium and Coronary sinus

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6
Q

What does the bulbs cordis form

A

Aortic vestibule of left ventricle

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7
Q

Formation of fossa oval

A

Fusion of septum primum and secundum

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8
Q

Location of fossa ovals

A

Posteromedial wall

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9
Q

What does urethra develop from

A

Cloaca

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10
Q

What ducts give male vs female

A

Wollfian (mesonephric)- male
Connect primitive kidney to cloaca under testosterone

Mullerian - female

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11
Q

Cause of cleft lip

A

Incomplete fusion between medial nasal process and maxillary

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12
Q

Cause of cleft palate

A

Failure of fusion between palatine process

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13
Q

Migration of test phases

A

1st- abdo to internal ring - gubernaculum thickens and shortens anchoring

2nd to scrotum - gubernaculum responds to testosterone - grows migrating through canal

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14
Q

What does the allantois become

A

Evagination of handout and becomes urachus

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15
Q

What forms the uterus

A

Mullerian duct

Along with fallopian, cervic, upper vagina

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16
Q

When does gender differentiation occur

A

Week 8- fully differentiated by 9

Start producing testosterone

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17
Q

What is anencephaly and when does it occur

A

Failure of cranial neuropore to close around day 25

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18
Q

What forms round ligament

A

Gubernaculum with is from mesoderm

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19
Q

What tissue origin are the gonads from

A

Mesoderm

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20
Q

What condition is associated with myelomeningocele

A

Chiari type 2

21
Q

Mx of imperforate anus

A

Sigmoid colostomy then definite repair after 3-6m

22
Q

Which arch does ductus arteriosus form from

A

6th

23
Q

Teenager, well developed breasts and hair, but absence of uterus

A

Mullerian agenesis

24
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

X linked

Female genetali
Testes- produce Mullerian inhibiting so no uterus, and Fallopian tubes

If mild- male genetali

25
Q

When does palate fully form

A

10w

26
Q

When does ear form

A

8w

27
Q

What makes intubating children more difficult

A

Larger head
Larger tongue
Cephalic larynx
Shorter trachea

28
Q

What is hypospadias linked with

A

Undescended teste
Cleft lip/palate
Congenital heat
Inguinal hernia

29
Q

% of children not born with fusion of L5/S1 and what they develop

A

10-15%

Spina bifida occulta

30
Q

Continuous murmur infraclavicular

A

PDA

31
Q

Which structure prevents the ascent of hors how kidney

A

IMA

32
Q

When do kidneys develop

A

6-8w

33
Q

Partial fusion of Mullerian ducts causes

A

Bicornate uterus

34
Q

Cyanotic feet but normal hands

A

PDA with shunt reversal

As subclavian receives normal O2

35
Q

External male genitali development depends on

A

DHT

36
Q

What happens to foreamen oval at birth

A

Elevated LA pressure forces septum priumum and secundum together closing it

37
Q

Where subarachnoid space finishes

A

S1-3

Hilum terminale continues with Pia mater

38
Q

Where are vas deferens and prostate developed from

A

VD- mesonephric

Psostate- ueogenital

39
Q

When does PDA fully close

A

2-3 w

Narrows after 12hr

40
Q

Movement of hindgut on its mesocolon in development

A

Hinges to the left

41
Q

Incomplete endocardial cushion fusion defect

A

AV septal defect

42
Q

What is associated with oesophageal fistula

A

Polyhydraminos

43
Q

What is the embryological equivalent of Batholin glands in men

A

Bulbourethral - Skenes

44
Q

When should intervention be considered in undescended teste

A

6-12m

45
Q

Which arch is styloid process derived

A

2nd

46
Q

Which arch is palatine tonsil derived

A

2nd

47
Q

Which arch is the maxilla, zygomatic bone, palatine bone from

A

1st

48
Q

Which arch is mallet incus, mockers cartilage and sphenomandibular from

A

1st

eMRCS questions (45 decks)

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