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eMRCS questions > Anatomy Thorax Book > Flashcards

Anatomy Thorax Book Flashcards

1
Q

Course of oblique fissure

A

Starts at 3rd spinous
Runs until 6th CC on anterior chest wall

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2
Q

Course of right horizontal fissure

A

From Rib 5 MAL from OF
To lower border of 4th rib

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3
Q

Where do the lung pleura meet and separate

A

Run to meet obliquely at 2nd CC
Left peels away at 4th CC
6th CC- right comes away from midline
Both return at 12th

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4
Q

Apex beat is found where

A

5th ICS
MCL

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5
Q

Four corners of heart

A

Top right- third CC just right of sterum
Top left- 2nd CC- 2cm left of sternum
Bottom left- 5th ICS MCL
Bottom right- 6CC just right

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6
Q

What structure cross diaphragm at T12

A

Aorta
Lesser splanchnic
Greater
Thoracic duct
Hemizygous and azygous

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7
Q

Relations of thoracic duct to azygous vein, aorta and oesophagus

A

Thoracic duct is midline
Lies in between aorta and azygous
Aorta - lateral
Azygous- medial
Oesophagus- anterior until T4-6

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8
Q

Location of heart valves

A

All retrosternal
Aortic- 3rd ICS mid sternum
Pulmonary- 3rd CC to left of sternum

Tricuspid- 4th ICSmid sternum
Mital- 4th CC 2cm to left

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9
Q

Proportion of population of heart nodes supplied by RCA and LCA

A

SA- 60% RCA, 40% LCA
AV- 90% RCA, rest by circumflex

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10
Q

Course of LCA

A

Arrises from left posterior sinus of aorta
Passes between left auricle and left side of pulmonary trunk
Decided into LAD and LC

LAD- runs in interventricular groove anastomosing with posterior descending branch of RCA

LC- follows coronary groove to posterior heart

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11
Q

What does the LAD supply

A

LAD- supplies both ventricles and anterior interventricular septum

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12
Q

What occurs at T4

A

End of aortic arch
Azygous joins SVC
Left laryngeal loops round ligaments venosum
Pulmonary trunk bifurcates (artery)

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13
Q

Involvement of long thoracic and first rib in inspiration

A

1st rib not involved
Long thoracic- aids lifting ribs in inspiration

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14
Q

Movements of diaphragm in phrenic nerve damage

A

Main root C5

In inspiration domes due to paralysis
In expiration flattens due to increased pressure

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15
Q

Where are the origins of coronary arteries

A

Superior to aortic valve
Right - anterior aortic sinus/right coronary, left - left post

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16
Q

Divisions of RCA

A

Marginal- supplies anterior and posterior interventricular

17
Q

Proportion of population that CA supplies posterior descending

A

Right dominant- 70%
20%- co
10% left

18
Q

Where left and right phrenic nerve crosses diaphragm

A

left -Pierces central tendon
Right with IVC

19
Q

Where sympathetic chain crosses diaphragm

A

Behind median arcuate line with posts

20
Q

Arterial supply of oesophagus

A

Cervical- inferior thyroid- from thyrocerivcal from subclavian

Thoracic- descending aorta

Abdo- left gastric and eft inferior phrenic

21
Q

Venous supply of oesophagus

A

Cervical- inferior thyroid
Thoracic- azygous
Abdo- left gastric

22
Q

Three main openings in diaphragm

A

T8- central tendon- IVS and right phrenic

T10- muscular fibres din right crus- oesophagus, left gastric and 2 vagus nerves

T12- aorta, thoracic duct and azygous vein

23
Q

Venous drainage of heart

A

Small vein-located on the anterior surface of the heart, in a groove between the right atrium and right ventricle. It travels within this groove onto the posterior surface of the heart, where it empties into the coronary sinus.

Middle- begins at the apex of the heart and ascends in the posterior interventricular groove to empty into the coronary sinus

Left Posterior V- located on the posterior surface of the left ventricle. It lies to the left of the middle cardiac vein and empties into the coronary sinus.

Great- It originates at the apex of the heart and ascends in the anterior interventricular groove. It then curves to the left and continues onto the posterior surface of the heart

Left marginal- post left vent- drains into great

Right Marginal drain into RA

Anterior- direct into RA

24
Q

What do the Aortic arches form

A

1st and 2nd disappear
3rd- carotids
Right 4th- brachiocephalic and subclavian
Left 4th- aortic arch
5th disappears
6th pulmonary arteries

25
Q

Relations to trachea

A

Anterior- brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid
Posterior- oesophagus, recurrent laryngeal
Right- vagus, azygous
Left- arch of aorta, left subclavian, left recurrent, left carotid

26
Q

Diaphragm hernia locations

A

Left posterior- Bochdalek
Morgani- between sternum and costal- more severe

27
Q

Lobe bronchus with most likely inhaled foreign object

A

Right lower lobe bronchus

28
Q

Pathway of thoracic duct

A

Starts at cisterns chill at T12
Passes between aorta and azygous
T5 goes behind oesophagus
Enters at confluence of left IJ and SC

29
Q

How much lymph is drained per day

A

4L

30
Q

Drainage of right lymphatic trunk

A

Drain right arm, head, neck and trunk
Drains into confluence of right where subclavian and internal jugular meet

31
Q

Lymph drainage of oesophagus

A

Cervical- internal jugular
Thoracic- mediastinal
Abdo- gastric and coeliac

32
Q

Layers of oesophagus

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis propsa- 2 layers- inner circular and outer longitudinal
Adventita

33
Q

Narrowest constriction of oesophagus

A

Cicropharygeal muscle

34
Q

Branches of subclavian artery

A

VIT C+D

Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Costocervical
Dorsal scapular

35
Q

Branches of thoracic aorta

A

Pericardial -unpaired
Oesophageal - unapired
Mediastinal - unpaired

Posterior intercostal -paired
Superior phrenic -paired
Bronchial - paired
Subcostal- paired

36
Q

Dimensions of right vs left bronchus

A

Left is longer
Right is shorter, fatter and more vertical

37
Q

Which vertebra does rib 1 articulate with

A

T1 only

38
Q

Where does the RCA orginate

A

SInus of valsalva
RIght sinus

eMRCS questions (45 decks)

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