Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

eMRCS questions > Anatomy Head, neck and spine Book > Flashcards

Anatomy Head, neck and spine Book Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of scalp

A

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis- tendinous of epicranial muscles
Loose areolar tissue- potential spaces for infection or blood
Pericranium- held firmly to skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Branches of external carotid

A

Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Superficial temporal
Maxillary

some anatomist love fish other prefer sausage and mash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the facial nerve leave the skull

A

Stylomastoid foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What leaves through foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery
Meningeal branch of mandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What passes through foramen Magnus

A

Medulla
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Dural veins
Spinal root of XI
Vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Subdivisions of triangles of neck

A

Anterior

Submental
Submandibular
Carotid
Muscular

posterior
Occipital
Supraclavicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Borders of muscular triangle

A

Superiorly – hyoid bone.
Medially – imaginary midline of the neck.
Supero-laterally – superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
Infero-laterally – inferior portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Contents of muscular triangle

A

Infrahyoid muscles -omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid
Thyroid
Parathyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fascia levels in the neck

A

Superficial
Superficial Cervical Fascia- blends in with platysma

Deep
Investing -splits in 2 surrounding SCMand trapezius
Pretracheal - infrahyoid muscles then another layer with tracheal thyroid, para, oesophagus and vessels and nerves
Prevertebral - vertebrae and posterior neck muscles
Carotid- carotid arteries, internal jugular, and vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Stylohyoid- superifical to diagastric
Digastric- superficial to mylo
Mylohyoid- forms floor
Geniohyoid-deep to the mylohyoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Carotid triangle boundaries

A

Superior – posterior belly of the digastric muscle.

Lateral – medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Inferior – superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contents of carotid triangle

A

Common carotid- which bifurcates within

Internal jugular vein
Hypoglossal
Vagus nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Boundaries of submental triangle

A

Inferiorly – hyoid bone.
Medially – midline of the neck.
Laterally – anterior belly of the digastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contents of submental triangle

A

Mylohyoid as floor
Submental lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Boundaries of submandibular triangle

A

Superiorly – body of the mandible.

Anteriorly – anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

Posteriorly – posterior belly of the digastric muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contents of submandibular triangle

A

Submandibular gland
Lymph nodes
Facial artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Borders of occipital and subclavian triangle

A

Divided by omohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Content of posterior triangle

A

Nerves
Accessory nerve
Phrenic nerve
Three trunks of the brachial plexus
Branches of the cervical plexus: Supraclavicular nerve, transverse cervical nerve, great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve

Vessels
External jugular vein
Subclavian artery

Muscles
Inferior belly of omohyoid
Scalene

Lymph nodes
Supraclavicular
Occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bones forming pterion

A

Frontal
Sqaumous temporal bone
Sphenoid greater wing
Parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What structures to go through on an LP

A

L3/4 or L4/5

Suprapsinous
Interspinous
Ligamentum flavus
Dura and arachnoid mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Contents of cavernous sinus

A

Medial to lateral
Internal carotid
Abducens
Oculomotor, trochlear superior lateral border V1, V2 infeiror lateral border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sx of cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Painful
Oedematous eye
Ipsilateral

Internal and external ophthalmoplegia with papilodema
Palsies

Can go from one sinus to next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Branches of subclavian artery

A

First - vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocevical

Second - costocervical trunk

Third- dorsal scapular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bones making up zygomatic arch

A

Temporal
Zygomatic
Maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fracture of zygomatic arch can damage

A

Zygomatic branch of facial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Signs of longitudinal temporal bone fracture

A

Can affect vestibulocochelar and facial nerve

Parallel to long axis of petrous bone- most common

Tear of tympanic membrane
CSF otorrhoea
Facial nerve palsy
Conductive hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Signs of transverse temporal fracture

A

Usually cochlear or vestibular damage
Vertigo and SN hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Differentials of neck lumps

A

Cystic hygroma- left posterior
Cysts- fluctuant (sign it contains fluid)
Lymph nodes- non fluctuant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What forms external jugular

A

Retromandibular(formed by superfiical temporal and maxillary) and post auricular

Branches from posterior external and transverse cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

External jugular in relation to scales anterior

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Most common site for cervical fracture

A

C7/T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Types of cervical fractures

A

Clay Shoveler- spinous process of C6/7
Hangman - both peduncles of C2
Jefferson- burst C1-ant and post arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where caudal equine begins

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Middles meningeal artery forms from
Which branch is affected by pterion

A

Maxillary artery

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Relations of parotid gland

A

Superior - external acoustic meatus and temporalmandibular joint
Inferior - diagastric posterior belly
Medial - styloid
Anterior - masseter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Structures transversing parotid

A

Facial nerve
Retromandibular vein
External carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Fascia of parotid

A

Investing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Where duct of parotid comes out

A

Comes out anteriorly, running on lateral surface of master and pierces buccinator opposite second molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Relations of sublingual gland and drainage

A

Bordered laterally by the mandible and medially by genioglossus

The submandibular duct and lingual nerve pass alongside the medial aspect of the sublingual gland.

Both glands (forms sublingual fold) unite around frenulum

Secretions drain into the oral cavity by minor sublingual ducts (of Rivinus)- then join submandibular to Sublingual papillae openiing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Blood supply of thyroid

A

Superior and inferior

Superior- branch of external
Inferior- thyrocevical trunk- from subclavian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Floor and roof of posterior triangle

A

Roof- investing facia, platysma

Floor- prevertebral fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Infratemporal boundaries

A

Lateral – condylar process and ramus of the mandible bone

Medial – lateral pterygoid plate; tensor veli palatine, levator veli palatine and superior constrictor muscles

Anterior – posterior border of the maxillary sinus

Posterior – carotid sheath

Roof – greater wing of the sphenoid bone

Floor – medial pterygoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Pretracheal fascia relation to strap muscles and level it runs to

A

Superficial and deep

From hyoid to arch of aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Deep investing fascia attachments

A

Mastoid
Superior nuchal line
Zygomatic process
Manidble

Manubrium
Clavicles
Scapulae spine
Acromion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which structures does the deep investing fasciae envelop

A

SCM
Trapezius
Parotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What does prevertebral fascia envelop and where does it run

A

Levator scapula
Scalenus

Subclavian artery

Skull to T3
Becomes axillary sheath inferior to clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Which tracheal rings does thyroid overly

A

2-3rd by isthmus

Lateral from thyroid cartilage to 6th ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What does isthmus lie deep to

A

Anterior jugular veins

Usually ligated with tracheostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Which nerves can be damaged in thyroid surgery

A

When ligating inferior thyroid artery- risk of damage to recurrent laryngeal
Hence why it is ligated far away from gland

Superior thyroid artery ligated more proximal
External branch of superior laryngeal
Supplies cricothyroid

Lies deep to upper pole of gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Which nerve supplies internal carotid

A

IX- baroreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Where does internal carotid enter skull

A

Carotid canal in petrous temporal bone

52
Q

Branches of internal carotid

A

Terminal- anterior, middle cerebral and posterior communicating

Ophthalmic- which gives off central retinal which is sole course of retina

No branches before entering skull

53
Q

What does the internal carotid pass deep to and which structure separates it from external at base of skull

A

Posterior digastric

Styloid process

54
Q

Where does the pyramidal lobe of thyroid usually lie

A

Left of isthmus

55
Q

Lymphatic drainage of tongue

A

Tip to submental
Anterior 2/3- submental and submanidibular - poor crossover
Posterior 1/3- deep cevical- rich midline anastomosis- increased likelihood of contralateral mets

56
Q

Sensory supply of ear

A

Upper lateral half of pinna- auriculotemporal (branch of V3)

Upper medial - lesser occipital (C2)

Lower-greater auricular

EAM- aurculotemporal, facial, vagus

Lateral tympanic membrane- “”

Medial tympanic membrane- facial and glossopharyngeal

57
Q

Where does larygopharynx run from and to

A

Extends from tip of epiglottis to termination of pharynx at C6

58
Q

Innervation of larynx

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve – provides sensory innervation to the infraglottis, and motor innervation to all the internal muscles of larynx (except the cricothyroid).

Superior laryngeal nerve – the internal branch provides sensory innervation to the supraglottis, and the external branch provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle.

59
Q

Blood supply of larynx

A

Superior laryngeal artery – a branch of the superior thyroid artery - follow superior laryngeal int branch

Inferior laryngeal artery – a branch of the inferior thyroid artery- follows recurrent

60
Q

Sections of larynx

A

Supraglottis – From the inferior surface of the epiglottis to the vestibular folds (false vocal cords).

Glottis – Contains vocal cords and 1cm below them. The opening between the vocal cords is known as rima glottidis, the size of which is altered by the muscles of phonation.

Subglottis – From inferior border of the glottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage.

61
Q

Muscles of larynx

A

Cricothyroid
Thyroarytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Transverse and Oblique Arytenoids

62
Q

Superficial veins of head and neck

A

Superficial temporal and maxillary form retromandibular (anterior and posterior)

RMp+ posterior auricular- external jugular

RMa + facial- common facial into internal

63
Q

External jugular level in fascia and to SCM

A

Within superficial fasciae
Superficial to SCM

Crosses roof of posterior triangle to enter deep cervical fascia just above clavicle to join subclavian

64
Q

Where do the anterior jugular veins drain

A

Lie either side of midline

Pass from medial to lateral over internal jugular vein to join external

65
Q

Drainage of paranasal sinuses

A

Sphenoid - sphenoethmoidal recess (above superior conchae)
Frontal - middle meatus anteriorly at semilunar hiatus
Maxillary - middle meatus posteriorly
Ethmoid - superior and middle meatus
Nasolacrimal - inferior meatus (below inferior turbinate)

66
Q

Muscles causing movements of the jaw

A

Elevation - masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid

Depression - mylohyoid, geniohyoid, lateral pterygoid

Protraction - pterygoids together

Side to side - pterygoids together but one per side

Retraction- temporalis

67
Q

Number of vertebrae total

A

33

68
Q

C1 characteristics

A

Atlas
No vertebral body and no spinous process.

Instead, the atlas has lateral masses which are connected by an anterior and posterior arch.

transverse ligament of the atlas – which attaches to the lateral masses.

69
Q

C2 characteristics

A

Axis (C2) is easily identifiable due to its dens (odontoid process)

70
Q

Cervical vertebrae characteristics

A

Triangular vertebral foramen.

Bifid spinous process – this is where the spinous process splits into two distally.

Transverse foramina – holes in the transverse processes. They give passage to the vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves.

C7- vertebrae prominens
Transverse process is commonly absent

71
Q

Embryological derivatives of parathyroid glands

A

Superior- 4th brachial arch
Inferior- 3rd develop with thymus

72
Q

Location of parathyroid glands

A

Superior- located at the middle of the posterior border of each thyroid lobe, approximately 1cm superior to the entry of the inferior thyroid artery into the thyroid gland.

Inferior- inconsistent in location between individuals, the inferior parathyroid glands are usually found near the inferior poles of the thyroid gland.

73
Q

What % of parathyroid glans are aberrant

A

10%

74
Q

Structures that pass through superior orbital fissure from superior to inferior

A

Lacrimal artery

Lacrimal nerve- V1
Frontal - V1 (superior opthalmic vein)
Trochlear
Superior branch of oculomotor
Nasociliary - V1
Inferior branch of oculomotor
Abducens

Inferior opthalmic vein

75
Q

Borders of orbit

A

Roof (superior wall) – Formed by the frontal bone and the lesser wing of the sphenoid. The frontal bone separates the orbit from the anterior cranial fossa.

Floor (inferior wall) – Formed by the maxilla, palatine and zygomatic bones. The maxilla separates the orbit from the underlying maxillary sinus.

Medial wall – Formed by the ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal and sphenoid bones. The ethmoid bone separates the orbit from the ethmoid sinus.

Lateral wall – Formed by the zygomatic bone and greater wing of the sphenoid.

76
Q

Contents of optic canal

A

Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery

77
Q

Contents of inferior orbital fissure

A

Transmits the zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve
The inferior ophthalmic vein
Sympathetic nerves.

78
Q

Ophthalmic artery in relation to optic nerve

A

First branch of internal carotid
Inferior lateral to it when entering orbit
Spiral around to lie lateral
Then over the top to medial- provide branches

79
Q

Why does infection spread easily from orbit to cavernous sinus

A

No valves in orbital veins

80
Q

Pathway of ethmoid arteries

A

Branches of ophthalmic artery
Accompany branches of nasocilliary
Exit by medial wall ethmoid foramen-anterior and posterior

81
Q

Borders of tympanic cavity

A

Roof – formed by a thin bone from the petrous part of the temporal bone-tegmen tympani

Floor – known as the jugular wall, it consists of a thin layer of bone, which separates the middle ear from the internal jugular vein

Lateral wall – made up of the tympanic membrane and the lateral wall of the epitympanic recess.

Medial wall – formed by the lateral wall of the internal ear. It contains a prominent bulge, produced by the facial nerve as it travels nearby.

Anterior wall – a thin bony plate with two openings; for the auditory tube and the tensor tympani muscle. It separates the middle ear from the internal carotid artery.

Posterior wall (mastoid wall) – it consists of a bony partition between the tympanic cavity and the mastoid air cells.

82
Q

What is contained in tympanic cavity and eptympanic recess

A

Tympanic- malleus, incus and stapes.
Medial to tympanic membrane

Etympanic- superior to the tympanic cavity, which lies next to the mastoid air cells. The malleus and incus partially extend upwards

83
Q

Muscles of middle ear and innervation

A

The tensor tympani- originates from the auditory tube (anterior wall) and attaches to the handle of malleus, pulling it medially when contracting.
It is innervated by the tensor tympani nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve.

The stapedius muscle attaches to the stapes, and is innervated by the facial nerve.

84
Q

Nerve supply of Eustachian tube

A

Glossopharyngeal

85
Q

Connection between mastoid air cells and middle ear

A

Aditus

86
Q

Connections of ossicles

A

Connected to each other by synovial joints

Malleus connected to tympanic membrane

Stapes- adherent to oval window

87
Q

Parts of malleus and positions

A

Head - within tympanic recess

Handle- attached to tympanic membrane in cavity

88
Q

Infrahyoid strap muscles

A

Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

89
Q

Layers going through to do a tracheostomy

A

Skin
Superficial fascia
Platysma
Investing fascia
Strap
Pretracheal fascia
Thyroid isthmus
Trachea

90
Q

Vertebral levels of cartilage in larynx, hyoid bone and epiglottis

A

Hyoid- C3
Thyroid- upper C4
Cricoid- C6
Epiglottis- C3
Arytenoid- C5

91
Q

Content of posterior triangle

A

Occipital
Transverse cervical
Subclavian
Suprascauplar arteries

Accessory nerve
Brachial and cerivcal plexus

Suprascapular and external jugular veins

92
Q

Branches of V1

A

Frontal
Nasociliary
Lacrimal

Frontal - supraorbital, supratrochlear
Upper eyelid, conjunctiva, forehead
Supraorbital- lateral

Lacrimal- Sensory innervation of lacrimal gland, upper eyelid and conjunctiva
Contains parasympathetic fibres to lacrimal gland from V2

Nasociliary
Ant ethmoid- frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and nasal cavity
Post ethmoid- sphenoid sinus absent in 30%
Infratrochlear - bridge of nose and upper eyelid
Long ciliary - eye (contains symp)

93
Q

Where does a pharyngeal pouch form

A

Between thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus
Killisin dehiscence

94
Q

Level external carotid is formed

A

C4

95
Q

Which veins communicate between face and cavernous sinus

A

Anterior facial
Ophthalmic

96
Q

What forms from 1st brachial arch

A

Muscles
Muscles of mastication
Anterior belly of digastric
Mylohyoid
Tensor tympanic
Tensor veli palatini

Nerve
Mandibular

Artery
Maxillary
External carotid

Maxilla
Meckels cartilage
Incus
Malleus

97
Q

What forms from 2nd brachial arch

A

Muscles
Buccinator
Platysma
Muscles of facial expression
Stylohyoid
Posterior belly of digastric
Stapedius

Nerve
Facial

Stapes
Styloid process
Lesser horn and upper body of hyoid

Arteries
Inferior branch of superior thyroid artery
Stapedial artery

98
Q

What forms from 3rd brachial arch

A

Muscles
Stylopharyngeus

Nerves
Glossopharyngeal

Greater horn and lower part of hyoid Thymus
Inferior parathyroids

Arteries
Common and internal carotid

99
Q

What forms from 4th brachial arch

A

Cricothyroid
All intrinsic muscles of the soft palate

Nerves
Vagus

Thyroid and epiglottic cartilages Superior parathyroids

Right- subclavian artery, Left-aortic arch

100
Q

What forms from 6th brachial arch

A

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid)

Cricoid, arytenoid and corniculate cartilage

Nerve
Vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve

Right -Pulmonary artery
Left- Pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

101
Q

What forms posterior fossa of cranium

A

Anteriorly
Petrous bone laterally
Sphenoid bone medially

Occipital forms floor

102
Q

Contents of posterior fossa

A

Foramen magnum
Jugular foreamen
Hypoglossal canal
Internal acoustic meatus
Condylar canal -the occipital emissary vein

Internal occipital protuberance in mid line

103
Q

Contents of middle fossa

A

Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Ovale
Spinous
Lacerum
Carotid canal
Hiatus of greater petrosal nerve

104
Q

What forms posterior cerebral arteries

A

Basillar
After vertebral join together

105
Q

Apex and floor of posterior triangle

A

Apex- occipital bone just posterior to mastoid

Base- middle 1/3 clavicle

106
Q

Where does accessory enter posterior triangle

A

Junction of superior and middle 1/3 of SCM

107
Q

Branches of axillary artery

A

1- superior thoracic

2nd part- thoracromical
Lateral thoracic

3rd part- Ant and post circum, subscapularis

108
Q

Where does inferior thyroid artery originate from

A

Thyrocervical trunk
1st part of subclavian

109
Q

Veins of thyroid

A

Superior and middle-to internal jugular
Inferior veins - brachiocephalic

110
Q

Thyroid ima artery location and prevalence

A

Ascends on the anterior surface of the trachea and supplies both the trachea and thyroid
10%

111
Q

Which tracheal rings does thyroid overly

A

2-4th

112
Q

Facial vein pathway

A

Descends from lateral border of nose
To inferior border of mandible

113
Q

Sensory supply of parotid

A

Auriculotemporal nerve (gland) and the great auricular nerve (fascia)

114
Q

Parotid capsule is a continuation of

A

Deep investing fascia

115
Q

Symptoms of middle meningeal damage

A

Oculomotor compressed against petrous part of temporal
Autonomic fibres are superficial and cause dilation

116
Q

Which foramen does the internal carotid pass across

A

Lacerum

117
Q

Risks if superior laryngeal nerve is damaged

A

Increased aspiration risk due to lack of sensation superior to vocal cords

118
Q

Actions of muscles of larynx

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid- abducts
Lateral cricoarytenoid- adducts
Transverse arytenoid- adductor
Thyroaretenoid- relaxes
Cricothyroid- stretches and tenses

119
Q

Pharynx extends from and to

A

Base of skull to inferior border of cricoid at C6

120
Q

Which fasciae does the pharynx lay against posteriorly

A

Prevertebral

121
Q

Which pharyngeal pouch are palatine tonsils derived from

A

2nd

122
Q

Where do palatine and adenoids lie

A

Palatine- between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arch

Adenoid- mucous membrane of roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx

123
Q

Blood supply of tonsils

A

Tonsillar branch of facial

Paratonsillar vein- risk of damage cause of bleeding

124
Q

What passes through jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI
Internal jugular

Meningeal branch of occipital and pharyngeal artery

125
Q

Damage to what structure causes CSF to leak out the ear

A

Tegmen tympani

126
Q

Patient hit in vertex what structure most likely damaged

A

Sup Sagittal vein
Vertex (highest point in head)

eMRCS questions (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions