Anatomy lower limb Book

Question 1

Where to test sensation of deep peroneal nerve

Answer 1

First web space of foot

Question 2

Where to test sensation of superficial peroneal nerve

Answer 2

AnteroLateral aspect of calf
Dorsal of foot

Question 3

Nerve supply to sole of foot

Answer 3

Medial and lateral plantar

Question 4

Nerve supply to sensation of lower leg

Answer 4

Anterolateral- superficial peroneal
Medial- saphenous
Posterolateral- sural

Question 5

Borders of femoral ring

Answer 5

Medial- lacunar
Lateral- femoral vein
Posterior- pectineal
Anterior- inguinal ligament

Question 6

Hunter Canal borders and content

Answer 6

Provides channel for femoral vessels to pass into politieal fossa and saphenous vein

Anteriorly- distal third of sartorius

Vastus medialis- lies laterally

Adductor longus (proximally) and Magnus(distally) lies posteromedially

Question 7

Compartments of lower leg and innervation

Answer 7

Anterior - deep peroneal

Lateral - superficial peroneal

Deep posterior - tibial

Superficial posterior - tibial

Question 8

What is in anterior compartment

Answer 8

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius

Anterior tibial vessels
Deep peroneal nerve

Question 9

What is in lateral compartment

Answer 9

Fibularis longus muscle (FLM)
Fibularis brevis muscle (FBM)
Superficial peroneal nerve
Perforations of peroneal artery

Question 10

What is in deep posterior compartment

Answer 10

Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Popliteus
Posterior tibial and peroneal arteries and tibial nerve

Question 11

Which muscles attach to greater trochanter

Answer 11

Piriformis
Obturator interns
Obturator Externus
Gluteus minimus and medius
Gemelli

Question 12

Most common site of atherosclerosis in lower limb

Answer 12

In the adductor canal

Question 13

Compartments of femoral sheath

Answer 13

Lateral- contain femoral artery
Intermediate- femoral vein
Medial- canal empty space containing lymphatics

Question 14

What is the femoral sheath a continuation of

Answer 14

Transversals fascia

Question 15

Blood supply of neck of femur

Answer 15

Medial and lateral circumflex supply extravascular ring
Medial most important
Retinacular pass from these up to the head

Artery of ligamarntum teres- from obturator - contributes more in childhood

Question 16

Test for compartment syndrome for each compartment of lower leg

Answer 16

Anterior- foor plantar flexion
Lateral- foot inversion
Superficial posterior- foor dorsiflexion
Deep- great toe extension

Question 17

Blood supply of hamstrings

Answer 17

Profunda femoris

Question 18

Origin and insertion of hamstring muscles

Answer 18

Semimembranous- ischial tuberosity to medial condyle of tibia
Semitendinous- medial ischial tuberosity- inserts deep to gracilis on tibia

Biceps
Long- Ischial tuberosity
Short- linea aspera
Both insert head of fibula

Question 19

Contents of popliteal fossa

Answer 19

Popliteal artery, vein
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Lymph nodes

Question 20

Floor and roof of popliteal fossa

Answer 20

Roof- deep fascia

Floor- Popliteal surface of femur, capsule of knee joint, oblique popliteal ligament

Question 21

Superficial posterior compartment contains?

Answer 21

Soleus
Gastrocnemeus
Plantaris
Medial cutaneous sural

Question 22

Which veins join the long saphenous vein at the region of the opening

Answer 22

Superficial epigastric
Superficial external pudendal
Deep external pudendal
Superficial circumflex iliac

Question 23

Branches of tibial nerve

Answer 23

Sensory- sural nerve

Motor- branches to gastric, soleus, popliteal in popletial fossa
FHL, FDL, TP and intrinsic muscles of foot

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 24

Layers of muscles in foot and nerve innervation

Answer 24

4 layers
3 muscles, 2 muscles and tendons, 3 muscles, 2 muscles and tendons

1- FDB, abductor hallicus (medial), abductor DM (lateral)
2- quadrates plantae (lateral), lumbicals (shared), tendons of HL and FDL
3- FHB (medial), adductor H (lateral), FDMB (lateral)
4- dorsal and plantar interossei (lateral) and tendons of TP and PL

Question 25

PCL attachment

Answer 25

Medial femoral condyle Posterolateral aspect of tibia Extrasynovial but intracapsular

Question 26

Role of PCL

Answer 26

Prevent posterior displacement of tibia

Question 27

Structures in femoral triangle from lateral to medial

Answer 27

Femoral nerve, artery, vein, long saphenous vein

Question 28

Loss of sensation of lateral foot indicates damage to which nerve

Answer 28

Sural

Question 29

What does the short saphenous drain into

Answer 29

Popliteal vein in fossa

Question 30

Deepest structure in popliteal fossa

Answer 30

Popliteal artery

Question 31

Where does popliteal vein become femoral

Answer 31

At adductor hiatus

Question 32

Popliteal artery relative to tibial nerve in PF

Answer 32

Medial then moves more laterally distally

Question 33

Contents of adductor canal

Answer 33

Femoral artery, vein, saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis

Question 34

Structures in the femoral sheath

Answer 34

Femoral artery, vein, canal Not nerve

Question 35

Muscles that invert the foot

Answer 35

Tibialis anterior and posterior acting together

Question 36

Contents of popliteal fossa superficial to deep

Answer 36

Tibial nerve Popliteal vein and artery Common peroneal, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh and short saphenous vein

Question 37

Order of structures passing deep to flexor retinaculum of foot

Answer 37

TP FDL Posterior tibial artery vein nerve Tibial nerve FHL Tom, dick and very nervous harry

Question 38

Which muscles are innervated by medial plantar nerve

Answer 38

LAFF First lumbical Abductor hallicus FDB FHB

Question 39

Muscles innervated by lateral plantar nerve

Answer 39

Lateral 3 lumbricals FDMB Adductor Hallicus QP Abductor DM Dorsal and plantar interossei