Anatomy lower limb Book Flashcards
Where to test sensation of deep peroneal nerve
First web space of foot
Where to test sensation of superficial peroneal nerve
AnteroLateral aspect of calf
Dorsal of foot
Nerve supply to sole of foot
Medial and lateral plantar
Nerve supply to sensation of lower leg
Anterolateral- superficial peroneal
Medial- saphenous
Posterolateral- sural
Borders of femoral ring
Medial- lacunar
Lateral- femoral vein
Posterior- pectineal
Anterior- inguinal ligament
Hunter Canal borders and content
Provides channel for femoral vessels to pass into politieal fossa and saphenous vein
Anteriorly- distal third of sartorius
Vastus medialis- lies laterally
Adductor longus (proximally) and Magnus(distally) lies posteromedially
Compartments of lower leg and innervation
Anterior - deep peroneal
Lateral - superficial peroneal
Deep posterior - tibial
Superficial posterior - tibial
What is in anterior compartment
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
Anterior tibial vessels
Deep peroneal nerve
What is in lateral compartment
Fibularis longus muscle (FLM)
Fibularis brevis muscle (FBM)
Superficial peroneal nerve
Perforations of peroneal artery
What is in deep posterior compartment
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Popliteus
Posterior tibial and peroneal arteries and tibial nerve
Which muscles attach to greater trochanter
Piriformis
Obturator interns
Obturator Externus
Gluteus minimus and medius
Gemelli
Most common site of atherosclerosis in lower limb
In the adductor canal
Compartments of femoral sheath
Lateral- contain femoral artery
Intermediate- femoral vein
Medial- canal empty space containing lymphatics
What is the femoral sheath a continuation of
Transversals fascia
Blood supply of neck of femur
Medial and lateral circumflex supply extravascular ring
Medial most important
Retinacular pass from these up to the head
Artery of ligamarntum teres- from obturator - contributes more in childhood
Test for compartment syndrome for each compartment of lower leg
Anterior- foor plantar flexion
Lateral- foot inversion
Superficial posterior- foor dorsiflexion
Deep- great toe extension
Blood supply of hamstrings
Profunda femoris
Origin and insertion of hamstring muscles
Semimembranous- ischial tuberosity to medial condyle of tibia
Semitendinous- medial ischial tuberosity- inserts deep to gracilis on tibia
Biceps
Long- Ischial tuberosity
Short- linea aspera
Both insert head of fibula
Contents of popliteal fossa
Popliteal artery, vein
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Lymph nodes
Floor and roof of popliteal fossa
Roof- deep fascia
Floor- Popliteal surface of femur, capsule of knee joint, oblique popliteal ligament
Superficial posterior compartment contains?
Soleus
Gastrocnemeus
Plantaris
Medial cutaneous sural
Which veins join the long saphenous vein at the region of the opening
Superficial epigastric
Superficial external pudendal
Deep external pudendal
Superficial circumflex iliac
Branches of tibial nerve
Sensory- sural nerve
Motor- branches to gastric, soleus, popliteal in popletial fossa
FHL, FDL, TP and intrinsic muscles of foot
Medial and lateral plantar nerves
Layers of muscles in foot and nerve innervation
4 layers
3 muscles, 2 muscles and tendons, 3 muscles, 2 muscles and tendons
1- FDB, abductor hallicus (medial), abductor DM (lateral)
2- quadrates plantae (lateral), lumbicals (shared), tendons of HL and FDL
3- FHB (medial), adductor H (lateral), FDMB (lateral)
4- dorsal and plantar interossei (lateral) and tendons of TP and PL
PCL attachment
Medial femoral condyle
Posterolateral aspect of tibia
Extrasynovial but intracapsular
Role of PCL
Prevent posterior displacement of tibia
Structures in femoral triangle from lateral to medial
Femoral nerve, artery, vein, long saphenous vein
Loss of sensation of lateral foot indicates damage to which nerve
Sural
What does the short saphenous drain into
Popliteal vein in fossa
Deepest structure in popliteal fossa
Popliteal artery
Where does popliteal vein become femoral
At adductor hiatus
Popliteal artery relative to tibial nerve in PF
Medial then moves more laterally distally
Contents of adductor canal
Femoral artery, vein, saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis
Structures in the femoral sheath
Femoral artery, vein, canal
Not nerve
Muscles that invert the foot
Tibialis anterior and posterior acting together
Contents of popliteal fossa superficial to deep
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein and artery
Common peroneal, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh and short saphenous vein
Order of structures passing deep to flexor retinaculum of foot
TP
FDL
Posterior tibial artery vein nerve
Tibial nerve
FHL
Tom, dick and very nervous harry
Which muscles are innervated by medial plantar nerve
LAFF
First lumbical
Abductor hallicus
FDB
FHB
Muscles innervated by lateral plantar nerve
Lateral 3 lumbricals
FDMB
Adductor Hallicus
QP
Abductor DM
Dorsal and plantar interossei
