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eMRCS questions > Anatomy Upper limb and Breast Book > Flashcards

Anatomy Upper limb and Breast Book Flashcards

1
Q

Sections of axillary artery

A

First part- first rib until medial border of pec minor
Second- deep to pec minor
Third- lateral border of pec minor to inferior border of trees major

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2
Q

Branches of axillary artery

A

1st part- superior thoracic
2nd part -thoracoacromical and lateral thoracic
3rd part- sub scapular, anterior and posterior circumflex

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3
Q

Function of rhomboids

A

Retraction of scapula

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4
Q

Muscles causing elevation of scapula

A

Levator scapulae

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5
Q

Muscles causing adduction of humerus

A

Pec major
Lat dorsi
Subscapular
Teres major

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6
Q

Muscles causing medial rotation of humerus

A

Pec major
Lat dorsi
Subscapularis
Teres major

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7
Q

Muscles causing lateral rotation of humerus

A

Infrascapularis
Teres minor

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8
Q

Coracoid position relative to clavicle

A

Immediately above junction of middle and lateral third

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9
Q

Mx of elbow fractures

A

Above elbow back slab until surgery

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10
Q

Important radiological features for elbow fractures

A

Anterior humeral line
Posterior fat pad

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11
Q

Where does avascular necrosis occur in scaphoid fractures

A

Proximal pole

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12
Q

Bennet fracture

A

Fracture of base of 1st metacarpal
Can have subluxation or dislocation

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13
Q

Types of nerve injury

A

Neuropraxia- transient functional loss -local segmental demyelination
Axonotmesis- An axonotmesis injury involves damage to the axon and its myelin sheath. However, the endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium remain intact.
Neurotmesis- complete disconnection, loss is complete

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14
Q

Fromet sign

A

Flexion of IPJ of thumb to resist removal of piece of paper

Abductor pollicis weakness due to ulnar nerve damage

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15
Q

Common other fractures associated with Colles

A

Scaphoid on OOSH
Ulnar styloid

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16
Q

What passes through quadrangular space

A

Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex nerve

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17
Q

Borders of quadrangular space

A

Superior – inferior margin of teres minor.
Lateral – surgical neck of the humerus.
Medial – long head of triceps brachii.
Inferior – superior aspect of teres major

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18
Q

Blood supply of breast

A

Lateral thoracic (form lateral mammary) and throacoacromial branches of axillary artery
Internal mammary (internal thoracic)
Lateral perforating branches of intercostal

19
Q

How much do axillary lymph nodes make up of breast drainage

A

75%

20
Q

Borders of anatomical snuffbox

A

APL and EPB radically
EPL ulnarlly

21
Q

Relation of ulnar artery and nerve at flexor retinaculum

A

Nerve lies medial

22
Q

Which muscles does the ulnar artery lie in between in distal forearm

A

FDS and FCU

23
Q

What crosses ulnar artery in proximal forearm

A

Median nerve superficially after ulnar artery just forms

24
Q

Levels of metastatic axillary node spread of breast cancer

A

I- below Pec minor
II- behind
III- above pec minor

25
Q

Formation of brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

Form upper, middle and lower trunks

These split into anterior and posterior divisions

Anterior- anterior of upper and middle
Medial- anterior of lower
Posterior- posterior of all 3

26
Q

Nerves in brachial plexus not formed at cords and where they are formed

A

Dorsal scapular - C5

Suprascapular - upper trunk

Nerve to subclavius- upper trunk

Long thoracic -C5,6,7

27
Q

Suprascapular fossa and content

A

Formed by supra scapular ligament

Nerve travels in

Vessels travel above ligament

28
Q

Spinoglenoid notch

A

Spinoglenoid notch is a connection between the infraspinatus fossa and the supraspinatus fossa

Ligament runs over

Suprascapular nerve and vessels run deep to it

29
Q

Contents of quadrangular space, triangular space and interval

A

QS- posterior circumflex artery, axillary nerve

TS- scapular circumflex artery

TI- deep branch of branchial, radial

30
Q

What compromises the thenar eminence and nerve supply

A

Abductor
Opponens
Flexor pollicis

Recurrent branch of median

31
Q

What compromises the hypothenar eminence and nerve supply

A

Abductor
Flexor
Opponens digiti minimi

Deep branch of ulnar

32
Q

Contents of carpal tunnel

A

Median nerve
FDP
FDS
FPL

33
Q

If there is axillary artery blockage what happens to blood supply of upper limb

A

Scapular anastomosis
Involves branches of distal subclavian and proximal axillary

Blood supply can come from thyrocevical trunk, suprascapular and deep transverse cervical from subclavian
Subscapular, posterior circumflex, thoracoacromial from axillary

Not superior thoracic

34
Q

Brachial plexus is surrounded by fascia originating from what

A

Prevertebral fascia

35
Q

What actions are most affected by olecranon fractures

A

Extension of arm
Pushing to stand for example

36
Q

Extension compartments of wrist

A

1st- EPB, APL
2nd- ECRL, ECRB
3rd- EPL
4th- ED, EI
5th- EDM
6th- ECU

37
Q

Course of radial artery in forearm and wrist

A

Starts at level of radial neck
Lying on bicep tendon
Passes under brachioradialis

Enters wrist between first 2 dorsal interosseous

38
Q

When does radial nerve vs artery pierce deep fascia

A

Nerve pierces 7cm proximal to artery

39
Q

Which humeral fractures cause nerve damage

A

Mid shaft- radial
Distal - median
Medial epicondylar- ulnar

40
Q

Which of the superficial flexor muscles of forearm does not attach to the common flexor attachment

A

FDP
Which arrises at proximal ulnar

41
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the anterior interroseous nerve

A

FPL
Lateral FDP
PQ

The deep muscles

42
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the posterior interroseous nerve

A

Superficial
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

Deep
EI
Abductor pollicis longus
EPB
EPL

43
Q
A

eMRCS questions (45 decks)

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