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QUIZ > ELS (LG 1) > Flashcards

ELS (LG 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Who proposed the Earth-Centered or Geocentric Theory?

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

The universe revolves around the Earth, which is stationary

A

Geocentric Theory state

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3
Q

Who showed an Earth-Centered universe with planets and the moon revolving around Earth

A

Ptolemy

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4
Q

Published his theory as opposition to the Earth-Centered theory and he called it as Heliocentric Theory in which the universe’s centre is the sun (Sun-Centered)

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

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5
Q

best known for his laws of planetary motion rather than laws of motion, which were formulated later by Sir Isaac Newton

A

Johannes Kepler

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6
Q

Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion are

A
  • Kepler’s First Law (Law of Ellipses)
  • Kepler’s Second Law (Law of Equal Areas)
  • Kepler’s Third Law (Law of Harmonies)
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7
Q

This law states that the orbit of a planet around the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci. In simpler terms, planets move in oval-shaped paths around the Sun, not in perfect circles.

A

Kepler’s First Law (Law of Ellipses)

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8
Q

This law states that a line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. In other words, a planet moves faster when it is closer to the Sun and slower when it is farther away, but it sweeps out the same area in the same amount of time.

A

Kepler’s Second Law (Law of Equal Areas)

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9
Q

This law relates the orbital period of a planet to the semi-major axis of its orbit. Mathematically, it states that the square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit. In simpler terms, it means that planets farther from the Sun take longer to complete their orbits.

A

Kepler’s Third Law (Law of Harmonies)

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10
Q

Built the first observatory and crated catalog of stars

A

Tycho Brahe

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11
Q

Described wide-scale movements of planets, stars, moons, and galaxies throughout the universe

A

Sir Isaac Newton

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12
Q

In simpler terms, objects with more mass attract each other more strongly, and the farther apart they are, the weaker the attraction. This law explains why objects fall to the ground, why planets orbit stars, and why moons orbit planets. It’s one of the fundamental principles of physics and helps explain many phenomena in the universe.

A

Sir Isaac Newton

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13
Q

First used telescopes to observe the sky

A

Galileo Galilei

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14
Q

Provided concrete evidences to strengthen heliocentric theory (sun-centered) such as: (a) he noticed Jupiter moons orbiting around it; (b) named features of the moon – craters and mountains; (c) observed spots of the sun; (d) observed phases of the planet Venus orbiting around the sun

A

Galileo Galilei

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15
Q

Published the General Theory of Relativity showing that an energy density warps space and time

A

Albert Einstein

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16
Q

Suggested that the celestial objects – sun, planets, moons, comets, and others – were formed a massive of thin veil like gas or called as nebula

A

Immanuel Kant

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17
Q

Strengthened the nebular hypothesis as support to the contribution of Kant

A

Pierre Simon Marquis de Laplace

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18
Q

Presented that a small solid body of planet revolves around the gaseous molecule

They called it Planetisimal Theory

A

Forest Ray Moulton & T.C Chamberlin

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19
Q

Showed that the sun as surviving star formed from binary stars or double stars that undergo disruptions caused by the passing star and transform into a vast expanse of swirling gases

A

R.A Lyttleton

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20
Q

Proposed the Theory of Dust-Cloud which explains the formation of the solar system (former vast cloud of cosmic dust and gases), sun developed from the gases of the former cloud and planets developed from the solid particles collided and stuck together

A

Fred L. Whipple

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21
Q

Demonstrated existence of galaxie, using his 100-inch reflecting telescope, redshift and thus shows the expansion of the universe

A

Edwin Hubble

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22
Q

Discovered the first quasar – appeared to be stars, but they have large redshifts in their Spectra indicating that they are receding from the earth at great speeds

A

M.Schmidt

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23
Q

Discovered the pulsars - rotating neutron star that gives off sharp regular pulses of radio waves at rates ranging from 0.001 to 4 seconds

A

Jocelyn Bell

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24
Q

Scientists believe that water on Earth came from two possible sources

A

volcanism and water from the icy meteors

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25
Q

Earth’s distance from the sun, call ___________ or ___________, allows Earth to hold water in its liquid form

A

habitable zone or Goldilocks

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26
Q

Largest, encompassing
everything.

Includes: space, time,
matter, and energy.

A

Universe

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27
Q

Smaller than the universe.

Massive system of stars,
star clusters, planets,
nebulae, and other
celestial bodies.

A

Galaxy

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28
Q

Much smaller than a
galaxy.

Consist of a star and all
object that orbit it:
planets, moons,
asteroids, comets, and
other celestial bodies.

A

Solar system

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29
Q

Celestial body that orbits
a star.

Planets typically have a
core, mantle, and a crust.

A

Planets

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30
Q

Scientist that contributes to the bigbang theory

A

Friedmann, Lemaître, Hubble, Gamow

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31
Q

A point in which matter is infinitely dense, as in the center of a black hole or the universe at the very beginning.

A

Singularity

32
Q

Name for singularity

A

Cosmic egg/Primeval atom

33
Q

Proof of expansion of Big Bang

With the Electromagnetic Spectrum we can see that wavelengths are increasing or decreasing.

The change in frequency of a wave as its source moves in relation to an observer

A

Doopler effect

34
Q

Proof of expansion of Big Bang

afterglow of microwaves generated after the creation of the Universe

radiation left over from the big bang

A

Cosmic Microwave Background

35
Q

theory that upholds the big bang theory, but suggests there was an extremely rapid expansion milliseconds after the big bang

Then, the forces started to separate, but it was not until the separation of both of the nuclear forces when a enormous liberation of energy was originated

A

Inflation Theory

36
Q

proposed the inflationary theory

A

Alan Guth

37
Q

According to this theory, the universe does not have a beginning or and end

A

Stationary Theory

38
Q

Develop the stationary theory

A

Edward Milne

39
Q

This theory holds that our Universe would be the last one of many originated in the past, after successive explosions (Big Bang) and contractions (Big Crunch)

It is never ending cycle known as

A

Oscillating Theory

40
Q

Develop Oscillating Theory

A

Paul Steinhard

41
Q

This era occurred from approximately O to 370,000 years after the Big Bang.

Dominance of ____ and high temperatur

A

Radiation era

42
Q

ime period greater than 500,000 years since the Big Bang where larger masses, such as stars, formed

A

Matter Era

43
Q

The very beginning of the universe which happens approximately (10^-43) after the Big Bang

Time when the four fundamental forces of nature (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear forces) were unified

A

Planck Epoch

44
Q

Lasted only 10^-43 to 10^-36 seconds

During this epoch, the fundamental forces of nature-strong nuclear, weak nuclear, and electromagnetic-were unified into a single force

At the end of this period strong nuclear force broke away

A

Grand Unification Epoch

45
Q

Lasted only 10^-36 to 10^-32 seconds

Rapid Expansion

explains why the universe appears so uniform (homogeneous) and isotropic (the same in all directions) on large scales

A

Inflationary Epoch

46
Q

Lasted only 10^-32 to 10^-12 seconds

  • The weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force were unified into a single force known as the __________
A

Electroweak epoch

47
Q

Lasted only 10^-12 to 10^-6seconds

This epoch is characterized by the dominance of quarks and the formation of hadrons as the universe continued to cool and expand

A

Quark Epoch

48
Q

Lasted only 10^-6 to 1 second

This epoch is characterized by the dominance of hadrons where quarks began to bind to form neutrons and protons

A

Hadron Epoch

49
Q

Lasted only 1 to 10 second

electrons and neutrinos, were continually being created and annihilated

These pairs annihilate each other, converting their mass into photons (gamma rays) and other particles

At this stage, the energy density of leptons and photons was higher than that of matter

A

Lepton Epoch

50
Q

Lasted 10 seconds to a few minutes after the Big Bang

During this epoch, the universe was cool enough for protons and neutrons to combine and form the first atomic nuclei (Nucleosynthesis)

Hydrogen and Helium nuclei dominated this period

A

Nuclear epoch

51
Q

Dominance of somethingness in which these object occupies space and has mass

A

Matter era

52
Q

Era of recombination

A

Atomic Epoch

53
Q

Hydrogen and Helium dotted the universe

*Atoms had enough gravity causing it to collide with each other

  • Became the seedling of galaxies
A

Galactic epoch

54
Q

Stars began to form

A

Stellar Epoch

55
Q

suggests that the bigbang was the end of a previous universe creating a new one

A

Cyclic model of the universe

56
Q

a theory that suggests that our universe is constant and
it doesn’t have any begging nor an end. It also says that
when our universe expands matter is created making it’s
characteristic uniform

A

Steady State Theory

57
Q

named this thesis as “Cosmological Beginning”

A

Stationary theory

58
Q

theory holds that our Universe would be the last one of many originated in the past, after successive explosions (Big Bang) and contractions (Big Crunch).

A

Oscillating theory

59
Q

Aristotle di what?

A

Geocentric Theory

60
Q

Ptolemy did what?

A

Showed an Earth-Centered universe, wherein key elements such as planets, moon, in the sun were revolving around Earth

61
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

Heliocentric Theory

62
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Laws of planetary motion
- law of ellipses
- law of equal areas
- law of harmonies

63
Q

Tycho Brahe

A

first observatory and crated catalog of stars

64
Q

Sir Isaac Newton

A

Proposed the Law of Universal Gravitation (gravity is a force of attraction exists between any two bodies, masses, or particles)

Described wide-scale movements of planets, stars, moons, and galaxies throughout the universe

65
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Used Telescope to observe the sky

Provided concrete evidences to strengthen heliocentric theory

(a) he noticed Jupiter moons orbiting around it; (b) named features of the moon – craters and mountains; (c) observed spots of the sun; (d) observed phases of the planet Venus orbiting around the sun

66
Q

Albert Einstein

A

Theory of relativity

67
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

Suggested that the celestial objects – sun, planets, moons, comets, and others – were formed a massive of thin veil like gas or called as nebula

68
Q

Pierre Simon Marquis de Laplace

A

Strengthened the nebular hypothesis

69
Q

Forest Ray Moulton & T.C Chamberlin

A

Presented that a small solid body of planet revolves around the gaseous molecule “Planetisimal Theory”

70
Q

R.A Lyttleton

A

sun as surviving star

71
Q

Fred L. Whipple

A

Theory of Dust-Cloud

72
Q

Edwin Hubble

A

Demonstrated existence of galaxie, using his 100-inch reflecting telescope

73
Q

M.Schimdt

A

Discovered the first quasar – appeared to be stars, but they have large redshifts in their Spectra

74
Q

Jocelyn Bell

A

Discovered the pulsar

75
Q

16 People

A

1 Aristotle
2 Ptolemy
3 Nicolaus Copernicus
4 Johannes Kepler
5 Tycho Brahe
6 Sir Isaac Newton
7 Galileo Galilei
8 Albert Einstein
9 Immaunel Kant
10 Pierre Simon Marquis De Laplace
11 Forest Ray Moulton and T.C Chamberlin
12 RA Lyttleton
13 Fred L. Whipple
14 Edwin Hubble
15. M.Schmidt
16. Jocelyn Bell

QUIZ (18 decks)

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