ELS (LG 1) Flashcards by Coby VALERIO

Who proposed the Earth-Centered or Geocentric Theory?

Aristotle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The universe revolves around the Earth, which is stationary

Geocentric Theory state

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who showed an Earth-Centered universe with planets and the moon revolving around Earth

Ptolemy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Published his theory as opposition to the Earth-Centered theory and he called it as Heliocentric Theory in which the universe’s centre is the sun (Sun-Centered)

Nicolaus Copernicus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

best known for his laws of planetary motion rather than laws of motion, which were formulated later by Sir Isaac Newton

Johannes Kepler

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion are

Kepler’s First Law (Law of Ellipses)
Kepler’s Second Law (Law of Equal Areas)
Kepler’s Third Law (Law of Harmonies)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This law states that the orbit of a planet around the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci. In simpler terms, planets move in oval-shaped paths around the Sun, not in perfect circles.

Kepler’s First Law (Law of Ellipses)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This law states that a line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. In other words, a planet moves faster when it is closer to the Sun and slower when it is farther away, but it sweeps out the same area in the same amount of time.

Kepler’s Second Law (Law of Equal Areas)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This law relates the orbital period of a planet to the semi-major axis of its orbit. Mathematically, it states that the square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit. In simpler terms, it means that planets farther from the Sun take longer to complete their orbits.

Kepler’s Third Law (Law of Harmonies)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Built the first observatory and crated catalog of stars

Tycho Brahe

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Described wide-scale movements of planets, stars, moons, and galaxies throughout the universe

Sir Isaac Newton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In simpler terms, objects with more mass attract each other more strongly, and the farther apart they are, the weaker the attraction. This law explains why objects fall to the ground, why planets orbit stars, and why moons orbit planets. It’s one of the fundamental principles of physics and helps explain many phenomena in the universe.

Sir Isaac Newton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

First used telescopes to observe the sky

Galileo Galilei

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Provided concrete evidences to strengthen heliocentric theory (sun-centered) such as: (a) he noticed Jupiter moons orbiting around it; (b) named features of the moon – craters and mountains; (c) observed spots of the sun; (d) observed phases of the planet Venus orbiting around the sun

Galileo Galilei

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Published the General Theory of Relativity showing that an energy density warps space and time

Albert Einstein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Suggested that the celestial objects – sun, planets, moons, comets, and others – were formed a massive of thin veil like gas or called as nebula

Immanuel Kant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Strengthened the nebular hypothesis as support to the contribution of Kant

Pierre Simon Marquis de Laplace

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Presented that a small solid body of planet revolves around the gaseous molecule

They called it Planetisimal Theory

Forest Ray Moulton & T.C Chamberlin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Showed that the sun as surviving star formed from binary stars or double stars that undergo disruptions caused by the passing star and transform into a vast expanse of swirling gases

R.A Lyttleton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Proposed the Theory of Dust-Cloud which explains the formation of the solar system (former vast cloud of cosmic dust and gases), sun developed from the gases of the former cloud and planets developed from the solid particles collided and stuck together

Fred L. Whipple

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Demonstrated existence of galaxie, using his 100-inch reflecting telescope, redshift and thus shows the expansion of the universe

Edwin Hubble

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Discovered the first quasar – appeared to be stars, but they have large redshifts in their Spectra indicating that they are receding from the earth at great speeds

M.Schmidt

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Discovered the pulsars - rotating neutron star that gives off sharp regular pulses of radio waves at rates ranging from 0.001 to 4 seconds

Jocelyn Bell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Scientists believe that water on Earth came from two possible sources

volcanism and water from the icy meteors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Earth's distance from the sun, call ___________ or ___________, allows Earth to hold water in its liquid form

habitable zone or Goldilocks

Largest, encompassing everything. Includes: space, time, matter, and energy.

Universe

Smaller than the universe. Massive system of stars, star clusters, planets, nebulae, and other celestial bodies.

Galaxy

Much smaller than a galaxy. Consist of a star and all object that orbit it: planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies.

Solar system

Celestial body that orbits a star. Planets typically have a core, mantle, and a crust.

Planets

Scientist that contributes to the bigbang theory

Friedmann, Lemaître, Hubble, Gamow

A point in which matter is infinitely dense, as in the center of a black hole or the universe at the very beginning.

Singularity

Name for singularity

Cosmic egg/Primeval atom

Proof of expansion of Big Bang With the Electromagnetic Spectrum we can see that wavelengths are increasing or decreasing. The change in frequency of a wave as its source moves in relation to an observer

Doopler effect

Proof of expansion of Big Bang afterglow of microwaves generated after the creation of the Universe radiation left over from the big bang

Cosmic Microwave Background

theory that upholds the big bang theory, but suggests there was an extremely rapid expansion milliseconds after the big bang Then, the forces started to separate, but it was not until the separation of both of the nuclear forces when a enormous liberation of energy was originated

Inflation Theory

proposed the inflationary theory

Alan Guth

According to this theory, the universe does not have a beginning or and end

Stationary Theory

Develop the stationary theory

Edward Milne

This theory holds that our Universe would be the last one of many originated in the past, after successive explosions (Big Bang) and contractions (Big Crunch) It is never ending cycle known as

Oscillating Theory

Develop Oscillating Theory

Paul Steinhard

This era occurred from approximately O to 370,000 years after the Big Bang. Dominance of ____ and high temperatur

Radiation era

ime period greater than 500,000 years since the Big Bang where larger masses, such as stars, formed

Matter Era

The very beginning of the universe which happens approximately (10^-43) after the Big Bang Time when the four fundamental forces of nature (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear forces) were unified

Planck Epoch

Lasted only 10^-43 to 10^-36 seconds During this epoch, the fundamental forces of nature-strong nuclear, weak nuclear, and electromagnetic-were unified into a single force At the end of this period strong nuclear force broke away

Grand Unification Epoch

Lasted only 10^-36 to 10^-32 seconds Rapid Expansion explains why the universe appears so uniform (homogeneous) and isotropic (the same in all directions) on large scales

Inflationary Epoch

Lasted only 10^-32 to 10^-12 seconds * The weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force were unified into a single force known as the __________

Electroweak epoch

Lasted only 10^-12 to 10^-6seconds This epoch is characterized by the dominance of quarks and the formation of hadrons as the universe continued to cool and expand

Quark Epoch

Lasted only 10^-6 to 1 second This epoch is characterized by the dominance of hadrons where quarks began to bind to form neutrons and protons

Hadron Epoch

Lasted only 1 to 10 second electrons and neutrinos, were continually being created and annihilated These pairs annihilate each other, converting their mass into photons (gamma rays) and other particles At this stage, the energy density of leptons and photons was higher than that of matter

Lepton Epoch

Lasted 10 seconds to a few minutes after the Big Bang During this epoch, the universe was cool enough for protons and neutrons to combine and form the first atomic nuclei (Nucleosynthesis) Hydrogen and Helium nuclei dominated this period

Nuclear epoch

Dominance of somethingness in which these object occupies space and has mass

Matter era

Era of recombination

Atomic Epoch

Hydrogen and Helium dotted the universe *Atoms had enough gravity causing it to collide with each other * Became the seedling of galaxies

Galactic epoch

Stars began to form

Stellar Epoch

suggests that the bigbang was the end of a previous universe creating a new one

Cyclic model of the universe

a theory that suggests that our universe is constant and it doesn't have any begging nor an end. It also says that when our universe expands matter is created making it's characteristic uniform

Steady State Theory

named this thesis as “Cosmological Beginning”

Stationary theory

theory holds that our Universe would be the last one of many originated in the past, after successive explosions (Big Bang) and contractions (Big Crunch).

Oscillating theory

Aristotle di what?

Geocentric Theory

Ptolemy did what?

Showed an Earth-Centered universe, wherein key elements such as planets, moon, in the sun were revolving around Earth

Nicolaus Copernicus

Heliocentric Theory

Johannes Kepler

Laws of planetary motion - law of ellipses - law of equal areas - law of harmonies

Tycho Brahe

first observatory and crated catalog of stars

Sir Isaac Newton

Proposed the Law of Universal Gravitation (gravity is a force of attraction exists between any two bodies, masses, or particles) Described wide-scale movements of planets, stars, moons, and galaxies throughout the universe

Galileo Galilei

Used Telescope to observe the sky Provided concrete evidences to strengthen heliocentric theory (a) he noticed Jupiter moons orbiting around it; (b) named features of the moon – craters and mountains; (c) observed spots of the sun; (d) observed phases of the planet Venus orbiting around the sun

Albert Einstein

Theory of relativity

Immanuel Kant

Suggested that the celestial objects – sun, planets, moons, comets, and others – were formed a massive of thin veil like gas or called as nebula

Pierre Simon Marquis de Laplace

Strengthened the nebular hypothesis

Forest Ray Moulton & T.C Chamberlin

Presented that a small solid body of planet revolves around the gaseous molecule "Planetisimal Theory"

R.A Lyttleton

sun as surviving star

Fred L. Whipple

Theory of Dust-Cloud

Edwin Hubble

Demonstrated existence of galaxie, using his 100-inch reflecting telescope

M.Schimdt

Discovered the first quasar – appeared to be stars, but they have large redshifts in their Spectra

Jocelyn Bell

Discovered the pulsar

16 People

1 Aristotle 2 Ptolemy 3 Nicolaus Copernicus 4 Johannes Kepler 5 Tycho Brahe 6 Sir Isaac Newton 7 Galileo Galilei 8 Albert Einstein 9 Immaunel Kant 10 Pierre Simon Marquis De Laplace 11 Forest Ray Moulton and T.C Chamberlin 12 RA Lyttleton 13 Fred L. Whipple 14 Edwin Hubble 15. M.Schmidt 16. Jocelyn Bell