ELR Flashcards
What is a collective agreement?
A written document outlining the terms and conditions of employment in a unionized workplace
Collective agreements govern the relationship between employers and employees represented by a union.
Define collective bargaining
The process by which management and labour negotiate the terms and conditions of employment in a unionized workplace
Collective bargaining aims to reach a mutual agreement on various employment aspects.
What are conversion mechanisms?
The processes used to convert internal and external inputs into outputs of the industrial relations system
These mechanisms play a crucial role in shaping the outcomes of industrial relations.
What is employee relations?
The study of employment relationships between employers and individual employees, usually in non-unionized settings
Employee relations focus on individual rather than collective relationships.
Define industrial relations
The study of employment relationships and issues, often in unionized workplaces
Industrial relations encompass the interactions between employers, employees, and unions.
What is labour relations?
The study of employment relationships and issues between groups of employees (usually in unions) and management; also known as union-management relations
Labour relations specifically address collective issues and negotiations.
What characterizes precarious employment?
Employment where employees have limited job security, lower wages, and less protection
Precarious employment often affects workers’ quality of life and economic stability.
What is a strike?
An action by workers in which they cease to perform work duties and do not report to work
Strikes are a form of protest against employers, often related to disputes over working conditions or pay.
Define a union
A group of workers recognized by law who collectively negotiate terms and conditions of employment with their employer
Unions advocate for the rights and interests of their members.
What is arbitration?
A quasi-judicial process whereby a neutral third party makes a final and binding determination on all outstanding issues in dispute
Arbitration is often used as a method to resolve disputes when negotiations fail.
What is a bargaining unit?
The group of employees in an organization that are eligible to be represented by a union
The composition of a bargaining unit can affect the union’s ability to negotiate effectively.
What does certification mean in the context of unions?
Recognition of a union by a labour board after completion of the procedures under the labour act
Certification is a critical step for a union to be able to represent employees.
Define conciliation.
Mediation – a dispute resolution process in which a neutral third party acts as a facilitator
Conciliation is aimed at encouraging parties to reach a voluntary agreement.
What is the Duty of Fair Representation?
A legal obligation on the union’s part to represent all employees equally and in a non-discriminatory manner
This duty ensures that all members receive fair treatment.
What is employment equity?
Equity in employment levels and opportunities between targeted community groups and major employers
Employment equity initiatives aim to eliminate barriers to employment for underrepresented groups.
What is Good Faith Bargaining?
An obligation on union and management to make a serious attempt to reach a settlement
Good faith bargaining is essential for effective negotiations.
Define mediation.
A dispute resolution process in which a neutral third party acts as a facilitator
Mediation is often a preliminary step before arbitration.
What is P.C. 1003?
The Canadian government imported the Wagner Act model in 1944; under the war measures act, it was introduced by the Privy council as P.C. 1003
P.C. 1003 laid the foundation for modern labour relations in Canada.
What constitutes an Unfair Labour Practice?
Alleged violations of the Labour Relations Act by employers, unions, or employees
Unfair labour practices can lead to legal consequences and affect labor relations.
