EKG tech 1

Question 1

What is the heart?

Answer 1

• muscular organ
• cone shaped
• 4 chambered

Question 2

What is the location of the heart?

Answer 2

• middle of thoracic cavity, between lungs
• behind sternum
• front of spine
• above diaphragm

Question 3

Apex of heart

Answer 3

the bottom of heart

2nd intercostal space

Question 4

Base of heart

Answer 4

the top of heart

left sternum, 5th intercostal space

Question 5

Point of maximal impulse
PMI

Answer 5

An indicator of the heart’s position within thorax

Question 6

Average adult heart

Answer 6

about the size of a clenched fist
12cm long
8cm wide
6cm thick

Question 7

The function of the heart

Answer 7

pump to propel blood through the body

delivering Oxygen and nutrients and removing waste from all organs

Question 8

Anterior

Answer 8

front

Question 9

lateral

Answer 9

side

Question 10

posterior

Answer 10

back

Question 11

inferior

Answer 11

below

Question 12

superior

Answer 12

above

Question 13

Layers of the heart
superficial - deep (outer - inner)

Answer 13

• Pericardium (outermost)
• Myocardium (middle)
• Endocardium (inner)

Question 14

Pericardium consist of:

Answer 14

Pericardium is the outer sac that protects the heart

• Fibrous pericardium
• Serous pericardium

Question 15

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 15

a tough non-elastic tissue
it is attached to the lungs, pleura, sternum and diaphragm, esophagus, trachea, and main bronchi

it holds the heart in place

Question 16

Serous pericardium

Answer 16

• parietal layer that lines INNER surface of fibrous pericardium
• visceral layer (epicardium) that lines OUTER surface of myocardium

both layers are separated by space cavity to allow heart to move, and secrete liquid to lubricate

Question 17

Myocardium

Answer 17

thick and muscular layer
responsible for muscle contract

Question 18

Endocardium

Answer 18

thin inner layer
lines hearts chambers

Question 19

The circulatory system consists of

Answer 19

Systemic circuit
Pulmonary circuit

Question 20

Systemic circuit

Answer 20

Large circuit

Left side of the heart and blood vessels

carries oxygenated blood to body, and deoxygenated blood back to the right side of heart

Question 21

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 21

Small circuit

Right side of heart and vessels

carries deoxygenated blood to lungs and oxygenated blood back to left side of heart

Question 22

Heart chambers

Answer 22

Right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle

Question 23

Heart valves

Answer 23

tricuspid valve
pulmonic valve
mitral (bicuspid) valve
aortic valve

Question 24

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 24

Both separate atriums with ventricle

promotes blood flow into ventricles and prevents backflow

first heart sound S1, is the tricuspid and bicuspid valve closing

Question 25

Semilunar valves

Answer 25

shaped like half-moon

prevents backflow into ventricles

second sound S2, is the aortic and pulmonic valve closing

Question 26

Artery

Answer 26

Away from the heart

Question 27

Vein

Answer 27

Towards the heart

Question 28

What is the blood flow in order

Answer 28

Superior/inferior vena cava
Right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonic valve
pulmonic artery
lungs (deoxygenated into oxygenated)
pulmonic veins
left atrium
Bicuspid/mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
Aorta arch
whole body