EKG tech 1 Flashcards
What is the heart?
- muscular organ
- cone shaped
- 4 chambered
What is the location of the heart?
- middle of thoracic cavity, between lungs
- behind sternum
- front of spine
- above diaphragm
Apex of heart
the bottom of heart
2nd intercostal space
Base of heart
the top of heart
left sternum, 5th intercostal space
Point of maximal impulse
PMI
An indicator of the heart’s position within thorax
Average adult heart
about the size of a clenched fist
12cm long
8cm wide
6cm thick
The function of the heart
pump to propel blood through the body
delivering Oxygen and nutrients and removing waste from all organs
Anterior
front
lateral
side
posterior
back
inferior
below
superior
above
Layers of the heart
superficial - deep (outer - inner)
- Pericardium (outermost)
- Myocardium (middle)
- Endocardium (inner)
Pericardium consist of:
Pericardium is the outer sac that protects the heart
- Fibrous pericardium
- Serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
a tough non-elastic tissue
it is attached to the lungs, pleura, sternum and diaphragm, esophagus, trachea, and main bronchi
it holds the heart in place
Serous pericardium
- parietal layer that lines INNER surface of fibrous pericardium
- visceral layer (epicardium) that lines OUTER surface of myocardium
both layers are separated by space cavity to allow heart to move, and secrete liquid to lubricate
Myocardium
thick and muscular layer
responsible for muscle contract
Endocardium
thin inner layer
lines hearts chambers
The circulatory system consists of
Systemic circuit
Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit
Large circuit
Left side of the heart and blood vessels
carries oxygenated blood to body, and deoxygenated blood back to the right side of heart
Pulmonary circuit
Small circuit
Right side of heart and vessels
carries deoxygenated blood to lungs and oxygenated blood back to left side of heart
Heart chambers
Right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
Heart valves
tricuspid valve
pulmonic valve
mitral (bicuspid) valve
aortic valve
Atrioventricular valves
Both separate atriums with ventricle
promotes blood flow into ventricles and prevents backflow
first heart sound S1, is the tricuspid and bicuspid valve closing
Semilunar valves
shaped like half-moon
prevents backflow into ventricles
second sound S2, is the aortic and pulmonic valve closing
Artery
Away from the heart
Vein
Towards the heart
What is the blood flow in order
Superior/inferior vena cava
Right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonic valve
pulmonic artery
lungs (deoxygenated into oxygenated)
pulmonic veins
left atrium
Bicuspid/mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
Aorta arch
whole body
