Chapter 10. Older person Flashcards

1
Q

Development

A

Changes in mental, emotional and social function

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2
Q

Developmental task

A

A skill that must be completed during a stage of development for development to continue

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3
Q

Geriatrics

A

The care of aging people

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4
Q

Gerontology

A

The study of the aging process

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5
Q

Growth

A

The physical changes that are measured and that occur in a steady manner

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6
Q

Menopause

A

The time when the menstruation and menstrual cycle ends

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7
Q

Sexuality

A

The physical emotional social cultural spiritual factors that affect a person’s feelings about one’s gender identity and sexual behavior

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8
Q

Infancy
Birth - 1 year

A
  • learning to walk
  • learning to eat solid foods
  • beginning to talk to others
  • learning to trust
  • beginning to have emotional relationships with family
  • developing stable sleep and feeding patterns
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9
Q

Toddlerhood
1 - 3 year

A
  • tolerating separation from the primary caregiver
  • gaining control of bowel and bladder
  • using words to communicate
  • becoming less dependent on primary caregiver
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10
Q

Preschool
3 - 6 year

A
  • increasing the ability to communicate and understand others
  • learning gender differences
  • learning right from wrong
  • learning to play with others
  • developing family relations
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11
Q

School-age
6 - 9 year

A
  • developing social and physical skills to play games
  • learning to get along with peers
  • learning behaviors and attitudes common for one’s gender
  • learning basic reading writing and math
  • developing a conscience and morals
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12
Q

Late childhood
9 - 12 year

A
  • becoming independent of adults and learning to depend on oneself
  • developing and keeping friendships
  • understanding physical psychological and social changes
  • developing moral behavior
  • developing greater muscular strength and balance
  • learning how to study
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13
Q

Adolescence
12 - 18 year

A
  • accepting changes in the body and appearance
  • developing appropriate relationships
  • becoming independent from parents
  • preparing for marriage and family life
  • preparing career
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14
Q

Young adulthood
18 - 40 year

A
  • choosing education and career
  • selecting a partner
  • learning to live with a partner
  • becoming a parent and raising children
  • developing a satisfactory sex life
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15
Q

Middle adulthood
40 - 65 year

A
  • adjusting to physical changes
  • adjusting to having grown children
  • adjusting to aging parents
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16
Q

Late adulthood
65+

A
  • adjusting to decreased strength
  • adjusting to retirement and low income
  • coping with partner’s death
  • developing new friends and relationships
  • preparing for one’s death
17
Q

Social changes:

A
  • retirement
  • reduced income
  • social relationships
  • children as caregivers
  • death and grieving
18
Q

Nervous system changes:

A
  • Brain spinal cord lose nerve cells
  • nerve cells send messages at a slower rate
  • slow reflexes
  • reduced blood flow to the brain
  • abnormal structures can form in the brain
  • brain tissue can shrink (atrophy)
  • shorter memory
  • trouble recalling recent events
  • slower ability to respond
  • dizziness
  • sleep patterns change
  • reduced sensitivity to pain
  • smell and taste change
  • eye vision change
  • hearing loss
19
Q

Integumentary system change

A
  • skin becomes less elastic
  • skin loses strength
  • brown spots on skin
  • fewer blood vessels
  • fatty tissue layer is lost
  • skin thins and sags
  • skin is fragile
  • decreased secretion of oil sweat glands
  • dry itchy skin
  • more sensitive to cold
  • nails become thick
  • whitening of hair and hair loss
20
Q

Musculoskeletal system changes

A
  • muscles shrink (atrophy)
  • muscle strength decreases
  • bones become weaker and brittle
  • vertebrae shortens
  • joints become stiff
  • hip and knee joints become flexed
  • loss of height
21
Q

Circulatory system changes

A
  • heart pumps with less force
  • heart valves thicken and stiff
  • heart rate becomes slower
  • abnormal heart rhythms
  • heart enlarges
  • heart walls thicken
  • arteries narrow
  • less blood flow
  • fatigue
  • red blood cells decrease
22
Q

Respiratory system changes

A
  • respiratory muscles weaken
  • some lung tissue is lost
  • lung tissue becomes less elastic
  • chest is less able to stretch and breathe
  • difficulty breathing (dyspnea)
  • decreased strength for coughing
23
Q

Digestive system changes

A
  • decreased saliva production
  • difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
  • decreased appetite
  • decreased secretion of digestive juices
  • difficulty digesting fatty foods
  • loss of teeth
  • decreased peristalsis causing flatulence (gas) and constipation
24
Q

Urinary system changes

A
  • kidney function decreases
  • reduced blood supply to kidneys
  • kidneys atrophy
  • bladder tissues less able to stretch
  • bladder muscles weaken
  • bladder may not empty completely
    -UTI may occur
25
Q

Immune system changes

A
  • fewer immune cells
  • immune responds slower
  • healing slows
  • ability to detect and correct cell defects
26
Q

Reproductive system changes

A

Men:
- erections take longer and lost quickly
- less forceful orgasms
- longer phase between erection and orgasm

Women:
- Menopause
- estrogen and progesterone decrease
- uterus vagina and genitalia atrophy
- vaginal dryness
- arousal takes longer

27
Q

The person needing nursing center care may suffer from:

A
  • loss of identity
  • loss of possesions
  • loss of independence
  • loss of real-world experiences
  • loss of health and mobility
    Feeling useless, powerless and hopeless
28
Q

Inappropriate sexual behaviors have many causes:

A
  • nervous system disorders
  • confusion, disorientation, and dementia
  • drug side effects
  • fever
  • poor vision