Edelman & Kudzma (2021) p. 380 - 403 / Adolescent

Question 1

The mortality rate for adolescents (age 15–19 years) is ___ times higher than for school-age children (age 5–14 years).

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Suicide is the (first/second) leading cause of adolescent death.

Answer 2

second

Question 3

By 1___, more than half of Canadian youth are sexually active.

Answer 3

7

Question 4

Of those sexually active, ___% report not consistently using any method of birth control.

Answer 4

25

Question 5

The transitional stage with significant physiological and psychological changes beginning with puberty (at approximately age 10 to 13) and lasting until adulthood.

Answer 5

Adolescence

Question 6

Many Canadian researchers and developmental specialists use the age span from ___ to ___ years as a working definition of adolescence.

Answer 6

13

19

Question 7

The psychosocial, emotional, cognitive, and moral transition from childhood to young adulthood.

Answer 7

Adolescence

Question 8

The development and maturation of the reproductive, endocrine, and structural processes that lead to fertility.

Answer 8

Puberty

Question 9

The most critical factor in promoting positive health outcomes for youth, including adopting a healthy lifestyle and avoiding risky behaviours.

Answer 9

Family Support

Question 10

Helps to prevent bullying and violence.

Answer 10

School Climate

Question 11

Protects positive health behaviours, but does not necessarily prevent risk behaviours.

Answer 11

Peer Support

Question 12

True or false: community support facilitates positive health outcomes for adolescents.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Adolescents experience (decelerated/accelerated) physical growth that (barely/dramatically) alters their body size and proportions.

Answer 13

accelerated

dramatically

Question 14

Changes associated with the onset of puberty occur in (an unpredictable/a predictable) sequence.

Answer 14

a predictable

Question 15

The onset and duration of puberty (are similar/differ) among individuals.

Answer 15

differ

Question 16

Females usually begin puberty ___ years earlier than males and experience a growth spurt earlier.

Answer 16

2

Question 17

White females are maturing (earlier/later) than in the past.

Answer 17

earlier

Question 18

Body mass index (BMI) is correlated with (earlier/later) onset of puberty for both males and females.

Answer 18

earlier

Question 19

Adolescents who do not follow the normal sequence or who have not begun pubertal development by ___, for males, and ___, for females, should have an endocrine evaluation.

Answer 19

14

13

Question 20

The physical changes experienced during adolescence are mediated primarily by the ___ regulatory systems in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonads, and adrenal glands.

Answer 20

hormonal

Question 21

Releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Answer 21

Hypothalamus

Question 22

Stimulates the anterior pituitary to release the gonadotropin hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Answer 22

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Question 23

In females, these hormones (2) stimulate the development of the ovaries and estrogen production.

Answer 23

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 24

Once sexual maturation is complete, the ongoing release of ___ controls menses, pregnancy, and lactation.

Answer 24

hormones

Question 25

In males, this hormone results in the enlargement of the testes and the development of Leydig cells in the testes, which produce testosterone.

Answer 25

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 26

In males, this hormone stimulates the development of the seminiferous tubules of the testes, leading to spermatogenesis and fertility.

Answer 26

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 27

Involve the organs necessary for reproduction, such as the penis and testes in boys and the vagina and uterus in girls.

Answer 27

Primary Sexual Characteristics

Question 28

External features that are not essential for reproduction.

Answer 28

Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Question 29

Breast development, growth of facial and pubic hair, and lowering of the voice.

Answer 29

Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Question 30

Produces all secondary sexual characteristics except axillary and pubic hair, which are controlled by adrenal androgens.

Answer 30

Estrogen

Question 31

Used widely to assess and monitor the degree of maturation of an adolescent’s primary and secondary sexual characteristics.

Answer 31

Sexual Maturity Rating (Tanner Staging)

Question 32

Using this, each of the characteristics (breast, pubic hair, and genitals) is staged separately from 1 to 5 and compared with the expected sequencing.

Answer 32

Sexual Maturity Rating (Tanner Staging)

Question 33

Fill in the blanks on the feedback loop for sex hormones.

Answer 33

Question 34

Breast development is usually confined to females; however, some degree of unilateral or bilateral breast enlargement, termed ___, may appear early in male puberty, just before the growth spurt.

Answer 34

gynecomastia

Question 35

A condition in men that is usually temporary and typically disappears. However, occasionally it persists and leads to body image problems and can be surgically reduced if psychological assessment warrants it.

Answer 35

Gynecomastia

Question 36

The first sign of puberty in males is a thinning of the ___ sac and enlargement of the ___.

Answer 36

scrotal

testicles

Question 37

Considered a milestone of male puberty and precedes fertility by several months.

Answer 37

Ejaculation

Question 38

Wet dreams:

Answer 38

nocturnal emissions.

Question 39

Can concern adolescent males because the events happen beyond their control.

Answer 39

Nocturnal Emissions

Question 40

The first sign of puberty in females.

Answer 40

Breast Buds

Question 41

Breast buds in females are usually followed by a ___ ___.

Answer 41

growth spurt

Question 42

The onset of menstruation, or menarche, occurs approximately ___ years after the appearance of the breast buds and near the end of the growth spurt.

Answer 42

2

Question 43

The appearance of physical signs of puberty before 9 in boys and before 7 or 8 years in girls.

Answer 43

Precocious Puberty

Question 44

Before the growth spurt, many adolescents experience a transient (decrease/increase) in body fat or adipose tissue.

Answer 44

increase

Question 45

As puberty progresses, the proportion of total body weight composed of fat usually (declines/increases), particularly in boys.

Answer 45

declines

Question 46

Body fat accumulates again in both sexes after their growth spurt, but at a slightly (lower/higher) rate in females.

Answer 46

higher

Question 47

The heart (shrinks/grows) in size and strength.

Answer 47

grows

Question 48

Blood volume and blood pressure (decrease/increase).

Answer 48

increase

Question 49

Heart rate (decreases/increases) to adult levels.

Answer 49

decreases

Question 50

Cardiovascular changes occur earlier in (males/females), corresponding with puberty.

Answer 50

females

Question 51

Compared with adolescent males, adolescent females generally have (lower/higher) pulse rates and slightly lower (systolic/diastolic) blood pressure.

Answer 51

lower
systolic

Question 52

Adolescents are identified as hypertensive when their systolic or diastolic blood pressure is at or above the ___th percentile (based on age, sex, and height) on three separate occasions.

Answer 52

95

Question 53

Functional murmurs are (uncommon/common) in adolescents.

Answer 53

common

Question 54

Respiratory rate decreases throughout childhood, reaching an average rate of 15 to ___ breaths per minute during adolescence.

Answer 54

20

Question 55

Respiratory volume and vital capacity (decrease/increase), particularly in males.

Answer 55

increase

Question 56

The ___ and vocal cords grow, producing the characteristic voice changes of puberty.

Answer 56

larynx

Question 57

Both male and female voices become deeper, and laryngeal cartilage enlarges, with both effects more pronounced in (females/males).

Answer 57

males

Question 58

The gastrointestinal system reaches functional maturity during the (school-age years/adolescent years).

Answer 58

school-age years

Question 59

The gastrointestinal system (ceases/continues) to grow with the growth spurt.

Answer 59

continues

Question 60

Permanent teeth begin erupting at approximately ___ years of age.

Answer 60

6

Question 61

All 32, except the third molars, or wisdom teeth, are in place by ___ to ___ years of age.

Answer 61

13

14

Question 62

Often pulled during adolescence to make space for the other permanent teeth.

Answer 62

Third Molars (Wisdom Teeth)

Question 63

It is (uncommon/common) for one or more of the third molars not to develop.

Answer 63

common

Question 64

Dental decay and periodontal disease are
(uncommon/common), particularly among Indigenous adolescents.

Answer 64

common

Question 65

The sweat and sebaceous glands become (less/more) active during adolescence.

Answer 65

more

Question 66

Located primarily in the axillary, genital, and periumbilical areas and are the primary source of body odour.

Answer 66

Sweat Glands

Question 67

They can become clogged and inflamed, leading to the common teenage condition called acne.

Answer 67

Sweat Glands

Question 68

Acne is seen in nearly ___% of adolescents, with a higher prevalence and severity in (females/males).

Answer 68

90

males

Question 69

Reorder the following Sexual Maturity Ratings/ Tanner Stages: Developmental Stages of Secondary Sexual Characteristics.

Answer 69

Question 70

During the growth spurt, adolescents may manifest signs of this common skeletal deformity.

Answer 70

Scoliosis

Question 71

A lateral S-shaped curvature of the spine.

Answer 71

Scoliosis

Question 72

The curve in scoliosis is typically convex to the (left/right).

Answer 72

right

Question 73

Classifications of ___ include secondary or functional, congenital, neuromuscular, constitutional, and idiopathic (which has an infantile, juvenile, or adolescent onset).

Answer 73

scoliosis

Question 74

Approximately ___% of all adolescents have a mild truncal asymmetry; however, curves greater than ___ degrees are abnormal and can progress to significant curvature during the growth spurt.

Answer 74

10

20

Question 75

The most common type of scoliosis and is significantly more prevalent in females.

Answer 75

Idiopathic Scoliosis

Question 76

Clinical Preventative Health Care (does not recommend/recommends) screening for idiopathic scoliosis in asymptomatic adolescents.

Answer 76

does not recommend

Question 77

There is evidence that individuals with asymptomatic idiopathic scoliosis have a mild clinical course and that interventions such as braces and exercise (may not improve/improve) back pain or quality of life.

Answer 77

may not improve

Question 78

Referral for orthopedic evaluation occurs when the curvature measures more than ___ to 7 degrees, measured by a scoliometer when the adolescent is in the Adams position.

Answer 78

5

Question 79

Name position B.

Answer 79

Adam’s Position

Question 80

Most genetic problems are discovered during (infancy and early childhood/adolescents).

Answer 80

infancy and early childhood

Question 81

___’s syndrome in females and ___’s syndrome in males result from alterations in the X chromosome.

Answer 81

Turner

Klinefelter

Question 82

These genetic disorders (2), which affect both physical and cognitive development, are frequently discovered during the assessment of an adolescent with delayed or irregular pubertal development, and require referral to an appropriate specialist.

Answer 82

Turner’s Syndrome

Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 83

This type of research has demonstrated a genetic basis for conditions seen during adolescence, such as acne, scoliosis, substance abuse, depression, eating disorders, and autoimmune conditions (e.g., lupus erythematosus and celiac disease).

Answer 83

Genomics

Question 84

The risk of conditions of concern to adolescents, such as ___ cancer, type ___ diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, can now be identified through genetic testing.

Answer 84

breast

2

Question 85

A request for genetic testing by a competent, well-informed adolescent for reproductive decision-making should be considered and accompanied by appropriate ___.

Answer 85

counselling

Question 86

True or false: newborn screening for genetic disease is routinely performed.

Answer 86

True

Question 87

Predictive adolescent screening for ___ should be postponed until the adolescent can decide whether they want the information.

Answer 87

reproductivity

Question 88

Can help health care providers make a diagnosis if the adolescent shows signs of a disorder and can also help to reveal whether there is an increased risk of a disease for the adolescent.

Answer 88

Family History

Question 89

For many years, the cause of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been (elusive/ easy to find).

Answer 89

elusive

Question 90

A body of research reveals that AIS is significantly more prevalent in girls than in boys (up to ___ times more prevalent).

Answer 90

10

Question 91

A body of research reveals that AIS occurs (in families/individually at random).

Answer 91

in families

Question 92

AIS is caused by multiple genes that are modified by ___ influences.

Answer 92

environmental

Question 93

___ inheritance patterns suggest that a combination of genetics, hormonal and muscle imbalances, and environmental influences affects the occurrence of AIS.

Answer 93

Multifactorial

Question 94

Researchers (have not/have) identified evidence suggesting a specific genetic pattern for AIS.

Answer 94

have not

Question 95

Teens have (fewer/more) acute illnesses than younger children and (fewer/more) chronic illnesses than adults.

Answer 95

fewer x2

Question 96

They are seen in health care facilities less frequently than younger children and adults, and they are rarely hospitalized.

Answer 96

Teens

Question 97

The CPS recommends that the frequency of adolescent preventive visits be every ___ to ___ years.

Answer 97

1

2

Question 98

It is vital to remember that (not all/all) examination sections must be covered during each periodic health examination visit.

Answer 98

not all

Question 99

At least part of the adolescent’s visit should be conducted ___, with parents or guardians excused.

Answer 99

privately

Question 100

While variations exist across Canada, minors (may not/may) give informed consent to medical treatment provided they understand and appreciate the proposed treatment, inherent risks, and possible outcomes and benefits.

Answer 100

may

Question 101

True or false: confidentiality rules still pertain to cases of homicidal or suicidal indication and emotional, physical, or sexual abuse.

Answer 101

False

Question 102

Too often, their sense of invincibility and ‘___ ___’ ideology couples with typical adolescent experimentation and risky behaviours to produce deleterious healthcare choices and outcomes.

Answer 102

Peter Pan

Question 103

Caught somewhere between childhood and adulthood, ___ may no longer feel they are being attended to by pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners, and pediatric nurses. Still, they are often misunderstood by adult health care providers.

Answer 103

teens

Question 104

Whereas adults search for health information using the Internet, adolescents are more likely to use ___ ___ to obtain health information.

Answer 104

social media

Question 105

Social media sites are (unmonitored/monitored) for accuracy.

Answer 105

unmonitored

Question 106

Fill in the blanks for adolescent immunization.

Answer 106

Question 107

Fill in the blanks for adolescent dental health.

Answer 107

Question 108

Fill in the blanks for adolescent diet and exercise.

Answer 108

Question 109

HIV screening: (age ___-18 years).

Answer 109

16

Question 110

For teens, (parental/peer) influence is primary, and (parental/peer) input is often rejected.

Answer 110

peer

parental

Question 111

Knowing where the adolescent is, knowing with whom he or she is communicating, setting clear behavioural expectations, and sensitivity to adolescent behaviour changes.

Answer 111

Parental Monitoring

Question 112

True or false: teens do not always consider the health risks of their behaviour and have an overall sense of invulnerability to illness or injury.

Answer 112

True

Question 113

Parental monitoring and role modelling (are not/are) protective against adolescent risk behaviour.

Answer 113

are

Question 114

This behaviour can lead to over-dependence and lack of confidence as the adolescent transitions to adulthood.

Answer 114

Overprotecting/Overparenting/Helicopter Parenting

Question 115

Parents that give undue advice or assistance, are overly involved with the adolescent’s activities, or fail to allow the adolescent to solve problems.

Answer 115

Overcontrolling Parents

Question 116

A type of parent that can contribute to increased anxiety, stress or depression, low self-regulation, decreased self-confidence, and exaggerated egocentric behaviour.

Answer 116

Overcontrolling Parents

Question 117

Parents, teachers, and healthcare providers will be more successful in assisting teens in managing their health needs wisely if they treat them as joint (opponents/partners) in planning the care for which the adolescents themselves will assume responsibility.

Answer 117

partners

Question 118

Gradually facilitating adolescent independence and decision making, involving parents and schools in a holistic approach to health promotion, and effective communication.

Answer 118

Health Supervision/Health Monitoring

Question 119

Many adolescents gravitate to (low/high)-nutrient, (unprocessed/processed) foods.

Answer 119

low

processed

Question 120

It is essential that adolescents consume a well-rounded diet that provides a variety of (low/high)-nutrient, (low/high)-sugar, and (low/high)-fat foods and beverages.

Answer 120

high

low

low

Question 121

Adolescents are the age group with the (lowest/highest) daily consumption of total dietary sugars.

Answer 121

highest

Question 122

Mostly consumed through sweetened fruit drinks and soft drinks.

Answer 122

Sugar

Question 123

Adolescents need to consume daily calorie amounts appropriate for their level of physical exercise (females, ___–___ calories; males, 1800–3200 calories) found primarily in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish, and nuts.

Answer 123

1600, 1800

1800, 3200

Question 124

Nurses must assist teens with following a healthy diet and educate them about the appropriate nutrients, such as protein [especially for (vegetarians/omnivore)].

Answer 124

vegetarians

Question 125

Nurses must assist teens with following a healthy diet and educate them about the appropriate nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D, and iron and folic acid [for (females/males)].

Answer 125

females

Question 126

Recommending regular milk consumption to prevent later ___ is essential, especially for adolescent girls.

Answer 126

osteoporosis

Question 127

(Suggest/avoid) of high-sugar and diet beverages.

Answer 127

avoid

Question 128

The nurse can encourage adolescents to (eat/skip) breakfast daily to improve academic performance.

Answer 128

eat

Question 129

Protein snacks are (bad/good) choices.

Answer 129

good

Question 130

An excellent resource for nurses and adolescents regarding dietary considerations is the Healthy Eating for ___ website.

Answer 130

Teens

Question 131

A well-balanced vegetarian diet can provide for the nutritional requirements of adolescents, but an evaluation of appropriate ___ intake is needed.

Answer 131

caloric

Question 132

Adequate ___ intake and sources of essential fatty acids, iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamins B12 and D should be ensured in this diet.

Answer 132

protein

Question 133

Supplementation may be required in cases of strict ___ diets with no intake of any animal products.

Answer 133

vegetarian

Question 134

(Few/many) teens have concerns about their body, proper nutrition, and exercise.

Answer 134

many

Question 135

Portrays the ideal body as thin, lean, or muscular but at the same time promotes access to unhealthy high-fat, high-sugar, processed foods.

Answer 135

Media

Question 136

Asserting their newfound autonomy, teens may choose dietary intake to gain c___ over their changing bodies, exert independence, or experiment with a new identity or cause, such as becoming a vegetarian.

Answer 136

c-ontrol

Question 137

Gymnasts, runners, bodybuilders, rowers, wrestlers, dancers, and swimmers are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders because their sports necessitate weight (restriction/gain).

Answer 137

restriction

Question 138

Teen body’s nutrient and energy demands (decrease/increase) in preparation for and in response to the adolescent growth spurt.

Answer 138

increase

Question 139

Teens’ (do not have/have) overwhelming desire to ‘fit in’ with their peers.

Answer 139

have

Question 140

Its occurrence results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, mediated by internal and external factors prevalent during puberty (e.g., family, peer, and media influences).

Answer 140

Eating Disorders

Question 141

In Canada, the lifetime prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents is ___%.

Answer 141

3

Question 142

Include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating.

Answer 142

Eating Disorders

Question 143

In general, eating disorders are more prevalent in (females/males) but affect both sexes and people of all cultures.

Answer 143

females

Question 144

Most adolescents with an ___ disorder experience comorbid mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, alcohol addiction, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, and suicide ideation is common.

Answer 144

eating

Question 145

At one end of the eating disorder spectrum is anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa; at the other is binge eating disorder and ___.

Answer 145

obesity

Question 146

A hallmark of anorexia nervosa in both males and females.

Answer 146

Body Image

Question 147

The picture of and feelings about various characteristics of one’s body.

Answer 147

Body Image

Question 148

In (females/males), particularly, and to a lesser extent in (females/males), distorted body image may be related to self-objectification, or judging one’s personality or character strictly by one’s appearance.

Answer 148

females

males

Question 149

Media images and positive or negative comments about appearance from others can contribute to this.

Answer 149

Self-Objectification

Question 150

Its onset is typically in response to low self-esteem and real or imagined obesity.

Answer 150

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 151

Adolescents that live with this are typically female, perfectionists, and high achievers.

Answer 151

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 152

Symptoms or warning signs include a relentless pursuit of thinness, self-starving with significant weight loss, lack of menstruation (in females) and decreased sexual interests (in males), compulsive physical activity, preoccupation with food, portioning food carefully, and eating only small amounts of only certain foods.

Answer 152

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 153

The adolescent with this may have brittle hair and nails; dry, yellowish skin; growth of fine hair over the body; constipation; mild anemia and muscle weakness; and may often complain of feeling cold.

Answer 153

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 154

Children or adults with an eating disorder can develop ___ hair. Experts believe this may happen because their body has difficulty keeping warm.

Answer 154

lanugo

Question 155

The severe restriction of food intake eventually contributes to dangerous m___.

Answer 155

m-alnourishment

Question 156

It is estimated that ___% of individuals will die within 10 years of the onset of an eating disorder.

Answer 156

10

Question 157

___-eating disorder websites and other social media sites may target adolescents to promote eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, as a lifestyle choice rather than a deadly illness.

Answer 157

Pro

Question 158

Bulimia nervosa has symptoms or warning signs that are (different/similar) from those of anorexia nervosa.

Answer 158

different

Question 159

Teens living with this eating disorder typically binge on huge quantities of high-calorie foods and then purge by self-induced vomiting and/or use of laxatives.

Answer 159

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 160

In this eating disorder, binge episodes may alternate with diets, resulting in dramatic weight fluctuations.

Answer 160

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 161

Teens with living with this eating disorder often try to hide the signs of vomiting by running water as a sound cover.

Answer 161

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 162

Poses serious threats to the teen’s health, including dehydration, sometimes fatal electrolyte imbalances, and tooth enamel erosion.

Answer 162

Purging

Question 163

This eating disorder can often contribute to obesity.

Answer 163

Binge Eating Disorder

Question 164

Teens with this eating disorder frequently consume large amounts of food while feeling a lack of control over eating.

Answer 164

Binge Eating Disorder

Question 165

Adolescents living with this eating disorder experience a lack of control over eating, the inability to stop eating when full, social difficulties, altered mood, and decreased self-esteem.

Answer 165

Bing Eating Disorder

Question 166

This eating disorder can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, or weight concerns.

Answer 166

Binge-Eating Disorder

Question 167

When working with families of adolescents, nurses can recommend family members (de-emphasize/emphasize) the adolescent’s body proportions or shape, encourage healthy eating and participation in regular exercise, emphasize the adolescent’s positive and unique aspects, and foster the adolescent’s self-esteem.

Answer 167

de-emphasize

Question 168

Consuming too many calories for the amount of energy expended leads to this.

Answer 168

Obesity

Question 169

The prevalence of obesity has nearly ___ over the last 25 years.

Answer 169

tripled

Question 170

___6% of young people are overweight or obese and ___1% of their Indigenous peers are overweight or obese.

Answer 170

2

4

Question 171

Key factors include excessive caloric intake, sedentary behaviour patterns, inadequate physical activity, and lack of exercise.

Answer 171

Obesity

Question 172

Other research has identified depression, chronic stress, and inadequate sleep as additional predictors of adolescent ___.

Answer 172

obesity

Question 173

Adolescent obesity has a (poor/good) prognosis, with (few/most) obese adolescents becoming obese adults.

Answer 173

poor

most

Question 174

Health consequences of adolescent obesity can include type ___ diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, poor self-esteem, and a lower health-related quality of life.

Answer 174

2

Question 175

Obesity can be detrimental to adolescents’ self-esteem and ___ development because they often become trapped in a vicious cycle of social rejection, isolation, inactivity, and continued obesity.

Answer 175

social

Question 176

Indigenous populations, ethnic minorities, and adolescents who live in apartments or public housing, or in neighbourhoods where outdoor play is curtailed by weather or a lack of safe facilities, are also at higher risk for ___.

Answer 176

obesity

Question 177

Urban sprawl with limited access to recreational opportunities, parks, and neighbourhood playgrounds especially impacts low-income families and may lead to ___.

Answer 177

obesity

Question 178

Quality daily physical education (PE) classes in schools have been (eliminated/encouraged).

Answer 178

eliminated

Question 179

Regular PE (diminishes/improves) academic performance and reduces stress.

Answer 179

improves

Question 180

Nurses should encourage adolescents to complete at least ___ minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily, including muscle and bone strengthening at least 3 times a week.

Answer 180

60

3

Question 181

Recreational screen time should be limited to ___ hours daily.

Answer 181

2

Question 182

A group of diseases marked by high levels of glucose in the blood, which, if not attended to, lead to blindness, kidney failure, amputations, heart disease, and stroke.

Answer 182

Diabetes

Question 183

Formerly called adult-onset diabetes:

Answer 183

type 2 diabetes.

Question 184

The most common form of diabetes.

Answer 184

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 185

People can develop type ___ diabetes at any age.

Answer 185

2

Question 186

Soaring obesity rates are making type ___ diabetes, a disease that used to be seen mostly in adults older than 45 years, more common among teens and young people.

Answer 186

2

Question 187

A recent study showed that ___4% of Canadian youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes were Aboriginal.

Answer 187

4

Question 188

An adolescent’s need for privacy or self-protection may (inhibit/allow) normal elimination in public places, such as schools.

Answer 188

inhibit

Question 189

Abnormal variation of elimination can occur in teens with ___ disorders.

Answer 189

eating

Question 190

The renal and gastro-intestinal systems are functionally (immature/mature) by adolescence.

Answer 190

mature

Question 191

Elimination patterns are (inconsistent/consistent) with those found in adults.

Answer 191

consistent

Question 192

During adolescence, the alterations in body composition and growth of lean muscle mass allow the teen to experience (decreased/increased) physical strength and endurance.

Answer 192

increased

Question 193

Regular exercise in teens can (decrease/increase) endurance and improve their appearance and general state of health; these (negative/positive) effects can extend into adulthood.

Answer 193

increase

positive

Question 194

Helps maintain the health and safety of athletes. Its purpose is not to exclude athletes from participation but to promote safe participation. Most athletes can be rehabilitated or redirected to another sport if not cleared.

Answer 194

Preparticipation (Sports) Examination

Question 195

One of the most common reasons adolescents seek primary care.

Answer 195

Preparticipation (Sports) Examination

Question 196

This examination offers an opportunity for nurses to identify adolescents at risk, evaluate their general state of health, and promote healthy lifestyle behaviours.

Answer 196

Preparticipation (Sports) Examination

Question 197

Adolescent athletes are subject to (underuse/overuse) injuries.

Answer 197

overuse

Question 198

Often these injuries are related to the specific sport in which the adolescent engages.

Answer 198

Overuse Injuries

Question 199

The factors contributing to sports ___ include environmental temperature (too hot or too cold), type of playing surface, emotional pressure from parents or coaches, inappropriate equipment, and inadequate training of coaches.

Answer 199

injury

Question 200

True or false: the sports environment can contribute to or prevent overuse.

Answer 200

True

Question 201

During adolescence, the amount of time needed each night for sleep (declines/inclines) compared to earlier childhood needs.

Answer 201

declines

Question 202

Although their sleep patterns differ greatly, adolescents need at least ___ to ___ hours of sleep per night.

Answer 202

8

10

Question 203

Adolescents who are employed, those involved in extracurricular sports, and those with ‘too much on their plate’ are at (decreased/increased) risk of sleep deprivation.

Answer 203

increased

Question 204

Many adolescents send and receive text messages at this time which can interfere with a good night’s sleep.

Answer 204

Bedtime

Question 205

Even a moderate level of this can greatly increase the likelihood of having long-term fatigue.

Answer 205

Night-Time Texting

Question 206

True or false: adolescents without sufficient sleep do not find it difficult to concentrate and learn or even stay awake in classes.

Answer 206

False

Question 207

True or false: too little sleep might also contribute to mood disorders and behavioural problems.

Answer 207

True

Question 208

Adolescents who drive when they are ___-deprived can cause accidents, which could lead to death.

Answer 208

sleep

Question 209

Adolescence is characterized by a shift in cognitive abilities to Piaget’s ___ operations stage.

Answer 209

formal

Question 210

Piaget’s theory used the term ‘___’ to represent the emergence of the ability to focus on the ‘form’ of thoughts, objects, and experiences rather than on the exact content, laying the groundwork for abstract thinking.

Answer 210

formal

Question 211

The first cognitive change is that because of their new ability to ‘think about their thinking,’ adolescents become highly ___.

Answer 211

introspective

Question 212

The examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes.

Answer 212

Introspection

Question 213

As ___ increases, they develop an internalized audience that provides them with a means to evaluate questions such as “Who am I?” “How do others see me?” and “Where am I going?”

Answer 213

introspection

Question 214

Introspection combines with a re-emergence of ___, leading to their sense of being the primary focus-special, unique, and exceptional.

Answer 214

egocentrism

Question 215

Being ___ adolescents means being the exception, thinking nothing can happen to them but only to others.

Answer 215

exceptional

Question 216

This type of thought can contribute to the risk-taking behaviours for which adolescents are well known.

Answer 216

Egocentrism or Exceptional

Question 217

Examples of ___ thought:

I can get drunk on weekends and not develop a drinking problem.

I won’t get pregnant; I’ve had sex for 6 months and haven’t gotten pregnant yet.

I can take those turns at 100 km per hour and not lose control.

Answer 217

exceptional

Question 218

Another behavioural manifestation of adolescents’ formal operations is (intolerance/tolerance) of things as they are.

Answer 218

intolerance

Question 219

This idealism can lead to a rejection of family beliefs, religion, or social causes, which do not appear to the adolescent to be working fast enough to solve society’s problems.

Answer 219

Intolerance (of how things are)

Question 220

Although this idealism appears to most adults to be a flight from reality, it is a necessary stage in formal thinking.

Answer 220

Intolerance (of how things are)

Question 221

Eventually, adolescent thinking becomes (less/more) egocentric and omnipotent, giving way to an appreciation of differences in judgement between themselves and others.

Answer 221

less

Question 222

Fill in the blanks for Adolescent Preparticipation Sports Examination - Areas for Special Concern.

Answer 222

Question 223

Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development describes the central task of adolescence as being the establishment of ___, with the primary risk being ___ ___.

Answer 223

identity

role confusion

Question 224

This crisis involves a restaging of each of the previous stages of psychosocial development.

Answer 224

Identity Crisis

Question 225

Development of ___ in self and others, as emphasized in infancy, is encountered again as the adolescent searches for people and ideologies in which to have faith.

Answer 225

trust

Question 226

Toddlerhood, and its search for ___, is also revisited as adolescents search for independence from their primary family units.

Answer 226

autonomy

Question 227

The preschooler’s challenge, a sense of ___ rather than ___, resurfaces as the adolescent searches for direction and purpose.

Answer 227

initiative

guilt

Question 228

The school-age child’s developing sense of ___ is carried into adolescence as teens choose social, recreational, volunteer, academic, familial, and occupational activities.

Answer 228

industry

Question 229

Erikson says that the extent to which these earlier tasks were accomplished (does not predict/predicts) the success of the current developmental stage.

Answer 229

predicts

Question 230

When the threat of ___ confusion is exceedingly great, delinquent behaviour and alterations in mental health can occur.

Answer 230

identity

Question 231

Pursuing a meaningful ideology and an individual ___ frequently creates a puzzling combination of shifting interests and sudden extremes in action.

Answer 231

identity

Question 232

Teens develop a future orientation and (cannot/can) delay immediate gratification to gain more satisfaction in the future.

Answer 232

can

Question 233

___ operations and abstract thought processes require expression in different words unlike the concrete thoughts of younger children.

Answer 233

Formal

Question 234

Both receptive and expressive vocabularies (decrease/increase) during adolescence.

Answer 234

increase

Question 235

As with (most/all) ages, receptive vocabulary far exceeds expressive vocabulary.

Answer 235

all

Question 236

The adolescent’s vocabulary frequently includes this.

Answer 236

Slang

Question 237

May be centred on drug use, popular dress, music, and certain peer activities, or it may be more pervasive.

Answer 237

Slang

Question 238

The term self-___, which is often used interchangeably with the terms self-concept and self-esteem, refers to the description of the self and the evaluation of, or feelings about, that description.

Answer 238

perception

Question 239

Tied together and brought to the forefront in adolescence, both self-___ and body image dominate, influence, and are influenced by individual, peer, and societal norms and expectations.

Answer 239

perception

Question 240

Praise adolescents for who they are rather than for what they (do not do/do).

Answer 240

do

Question 241

Most adolescents experience some degree of ___, especially during puberty, and are typically concerned about their skin changes.

Answer 241

acne

Question 242

These glands increase the production of sebum, a primary factor in the pathogenesis of acne.

Answer 242

Sebaceous Glands

Question 243

The sebaceous follicles become clogged with sebum and debris, forming open (___) or closed (___) comedones.

Answer 243

blackheads

whiteheads

Question 244

The incidence of acne within families suggests that hereditary factors (are not/are) involved.

Answer 244

are

Question 245

The approach to acne management is a stepwise approach according to the severity; all recommended management strategies take between 6 and ___ weeks to be effective.

Answer 245

8

Question 246

Washing the skin with (mild/intense) soap and water two times a day is the best way to remove surface dirt and oil.

Answer 246

mild

Question 247

Vigorous ___ should be discouraged because the skin can become irritated, leading to follicular rupture.

Answer 247

scrubbing

Question 248

The adolescent (should not/should) attempt to remove the pustules and papules that form.

Answer 248

should not

Question 249

Can result in further irritation of the gland and permanent injury to the tissue.

Answer 249

Squeezing (Leisons)

Question 250

When applied extensively over the face, most preparations prevent adequate exposure to air and light, especially those with a fat base.

Answer 250

Makeup

Question 251

Sunlight can have a (detrimental/beneficial) effect on acne.

Answer 251

beneficial

Question 252

Prolonged sun exposure should be (avoided/encouraged) to help with acne.

Answer 252

avoided

Question 253

Can exacerbate acne in some adolescents.

Answer 253

Stress

Question 254

Evidence indicates that dietary restrictions specific to acne are (unnecessary/necessary).

Answer 254

unnecessary

Question 255

A combination of topical cleansers or creams (salicylic acids or benzoyl peroxide) can be used for mild ___.

Answer 255

acne

Question 256

Should the condition worsen or be more severe than mild acne, prescription-strength treatments can be added including topical formulations, such as antibiotics, retinoids (vitamin ___ derivatives), benzoyl peroxide, anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., dapsone and azelaic acid) and fixed-dose combinations. ___ (systemic) medication can include antibiotics, retinoids, or hormonal agents (i.e., birth control pills, and spironolactone).

Answer 256

A

Oral

Question 257

Topical agents may make ___ appear worse initially, with any improvement occurring slowly over several months.

Answer 257

acne

Question 258

Body piercing and ___ have become popular forms of expression of individuality and personal values, particularly among adolescents, and are intimately related to self-perception.

Answer 258

tattooing

Question 259

Local infection is the most common complication of body art and piercing, with infection rates ranging from ___% to ___%.

Answer 259

9

35

Question 260

Additional complications from these (2) include hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, keloid scar formation, tooth injury or cracking, and periodontal disease.

Answer 260

Body Piercings and Body Art

Question 261

The piercing sites should be cleaned with sterile ___ and sometimes antibacterial soap and protected from injury.

Answer 261

saline

Question 262

Adolescents with new ___ must avoid sun exposure and apply a moisturizing lotion to the site.

Answer 262

tattoos

Question 263

The adolescent begins to spend (decreased/increased) time away from the family.

Answer 263

increased

Question 264

Teens prefer the company of ___ and other adults and begin to question familial beliefs and values.

Answer 264

peers

Question 265

Parents may respond by setting unreasonably strict limits and asking intrusive questions about their teen’s activities, friends, and ideas or decide to drop all rules and limits and assume that the adolescent can now manage alone. (Neither/both) of these approaches work well.

Answer 265

Neither

Question 266

Teens remain (socially/financially) dependent on their families as they move into young adulthood.

Answer 266

financially

Question 267

A vehicle for disengaging from the family unit and, as such, provides a means of achieving the goals of independence and individualization.

Answer 267

Peer Group

Question 268

True or false: adolescents in only urban areas can be exposed to and participate in gangs.

Answer 268

False (Urban and Rural)

Question 269

Function as a peer group for adolescents who may feel socially inadequate, feel alienated from mainstream Canadian society, or exhibit low self-esteem.

Answer 269

Gangs

Question 270

There are more than ___30 active gangs in Canada, with 7000 members.

Answer 270

4

Question 271

Almost half of youth gang members are males under the age of ___.

Answer 271

18

Question 272

True or false: many gang members began their involvement as children.

Answer 272

True

Question 273

A group of people who participate in criminal behaviour with the purpose of gaining power, recognition, and control, and generally use intimidation and violence to achieve their goals.

Answer 273

Youth Gang

Question 274

The top four reasons to join a ___ were to get respect, money, protection, and to fit in.

Answer 274

gang

Question 275

Youth at risk of joining a ___ tend to be from societal groups with the greatest levels of inequality and social disadvantage.

Answer 275

gang

Question 276

Although not all gangs exhibit delinquent behaviour, more than a third of individuals accused in a criminal incident were youth aged ___ to 17 and young adults aged 18 to ___.

Answer 276

12

24

Question 277

In 2016, police in Canada reported 141 gang-related homicides, (a decrease/an increase) of 45 from 2015.

Answer 277

increase

Question 278

The largest increases in the number of gang-related homicides committed with a firearm were reported in ___ and British Columbia.

Answer 278

Ontario

Question 279

Indigenous gangs make up about ___% of Canada’s gang population, as membership may be seen as an escape from poverty in order to obtain the necessities of life.

Answer 279

20

Question 280

(Some/many) Indigenous youth who join gangs have a parent who has been, or is a current gang member.

Answer 280

many

Question 281

Signs that an adolescent may be associating with a ___ include new and extensive body art, secrecy about friends, wearing symbolic clothing or colours, worsening school performance and truancy, unwillingness to attend family gatherings, having large sums of money or new expensive items that cannot be explained, contact with law enforcement, and possible substance use.

Answer 281

gang

Question 282

In 2015, approximately 2___% of Grade 10 males and 2___% of Grade 9 females had had sexual intercourse at least once.

Answer 282

8

9

Question 283

28% of males and 21% of females reported having their first intercourse before age ___.

Answer 283

14

Question 284

The contraceptive method of choice for 70% of both males and females.

Answer 284

Condoms

Question 285

Generally, ___ years is the age of consent to sexual activity, but there are exceptions, depending on partners who are close in age and who are not in a position of power or trust.

Answer 285

16

Question 286

Of all sexual assault incidents, nearly half (47%) were committed against women aged ___ to ___.

Answer 286

15

24

Question 287

A history of childhood maltreatment, mental health disorders, and substance abuse - which is more common among the Indigenous population.

Answer 287

Victimization

Question 288

Indigenous women were __ times as likely to report being a victim of violence than non-Indigenous women, presumably due to several factors linked to victimization.

Answer 288

3

Question 289

During adolescence, teens are discovering what it means to be emotionally, physically, or romantically attracted to people of the same gender (gay, lesbian), the other gender (___), or either gender (___).

Answer 289

heterosexual

bisexual

Question 290

An individual’s internal and psychological sense of self as female, male, or both.

Answer 290

Gender Identity

Question 291

Approximately ___% of Canadian youth self-identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, and two-spirit (LGBTQ2).

Answer 291

4

Question 292

Being gay or transgender (is not/is) something a person can change or select to change.

Answer 292

is not

Question 293

Often teens recognize their sexual orientation and gender identity with little doubt from an (early/later) age.

Answer 293

early

Question 294

Have higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders, poorer self-perceived health status, and suicide.

Answer 294

LGBTQ2 Youth

Question 295

More likely to be victims of bullying, including social and cyberbullying and violence, and face a greater risk of social isolation.

Answer 295

LGBTQ2 Youth

Question 296

___ Health Ontario offers several LGBTQ2 educational resources for healthcare providers.

Answer 296

Rainbow

Question 297

The technological revolution has opened up a limitless world of unmediated information to adolescents and has led to (decreased/increased) issues of risky online behaviours.

Answer 297

increased

Question 298

Presents new opportunities for the exchange of sexual information, as well as for potentially unsafe encounters between predators and the vulnerable or young.

Answer 298

Social Media

Question 299

Adolescents who use the Internet to seek sexual information often receive (inaccurate/accurate) facts.

Answer 299

inaccurate

Question 300

Sending a text message with sexually explicit content or a sexually explicit picture.

Answer 300

Sexting

Question 301

This type of texting can cause emotional pain for the person in the picture, as well as the sender and receiver.

Answer 301

Sexting

Question 302

Breast self-examination (BSE) or testicular self-examination (TSE) should be performed (once/twice) a month so that teens become familiar with the usual appearance and feel of their breasts or testicles.

Answer 302

once

Question 303

The main idea behind this is finding a change from ‘normal.’

Answer 303

(Regular) Self-Examination

Question 304

The best time for females to perform a breast self-examination (BSE) is 2 or 3 days after their period ends when the breasts are (least/most) likely to be tender or swollen.

Answer 304

least

Question 305

For males, the best time for a TSE is during or immediately after a (cold/warm) shower.

Answer 305

warm

Question 306

True or false: discharge from the nipples, puckering or dimpling of the skin, or marked asymmetry in the breast is normal.

Answer 306

False

Question 307

During a breast self-examination, pay special attention to the area between the breast and the ___, including the ___ itself.

Answer 307

armpit x2

Question 308

True or false: during a breast self-examination (BSE), feel the breast for any unusual lump or mass under the skin.

Answer 308

True

Question 309

True or false: during a breast self-examination (BSE), do not gently squeeze the nipple to look for a discharge.

Answer 309

False

Question 310

During a breast-self examination (BSE), the last (two/three) steps should be repeated lying down.

Answer 310

two

Question 311

True or false: performing a breast-self examination (BSE) in the shower is acceptable.

Answer 311

True

Question 312

When performing a testicular self-examination (TSE) there (should not be any/should be slight) pain.

Answer 312

should not be any

Question 313

True or false: during a testicular self-examination (TSE), cup or support the testicles with one hand and feel them with the other.

Answer 313

True

Question 314

During a testicular self-examination (TSE) (roll/squeeze) each testicle between the thumb and fingers.

Answer 314

roll

Question 315

True or false: during a testicular self-examination (TSE), feel the testicles for any swelling or hard lumps on the surface of the testicles.

Answer 315

True

Question 316

Testicles (are not/are) normally oval, firm, smooth, and rubbery.

Answer 316

are

Question 317

True or false: it is abnormal for one testicle to be slightly larger than the other.

Answer 317

False

Question 318

A natural tube-like structure along the back of the testicle.

Answer 318

Epididymis

Question 319

True or false: adolescent males should learn what the epididymis normally feels like.

Answer 319

True

Question 320

Adolescent pregnancy is viewed as a (low/high-risk) situation.

Answer 320

high

Question 321

Has serious health risks and potential complications for both the mother and the infant.

Answer 321

Adolescent Pregnancy

Question 322

For politicians and governmental agencies, it is a social problem that makes overwhelming demands on social and economic resources.

Answer 322

Adolescent Pregnancy

Question 323

In Canada, nearly 1___,000 infants are born to adolescent mothers (<20 years of age) each year.

Answer 323

3

Question 324

There was a 47% (decrease/increase) in adolescent births between 1990 and 2010, levelling with a birth rate of 13.5 per 1000. However, there are some geographic differences, with the Atlantic provinces showing (a decrease/an increase) in birth rates during the same period.

Answer 324

decrease

an increase

Question 325

Indigenous females are more than (three/four) times as likely to be mothers before the age of 20 than non-Indigenous women.

Answer 325

three

Question 326

Immigrant women (visible minority or not) in Canada have a (lower/higher) likelihood of being teenage mothers than native-born women not in a visible minority.

Answer 326

lower

Question 327

For the mother, this includes a significant decline in her prospects, especially educational and economic, reliance on government-sponsored assistance, and poverty.

Answer 327

Adolescent Pregnancy

Question 328

For the child born to adolescent mothers, there is a (lower/higher) risk of prenatal death, pre-term birth, and low birth weight.

Answer 328

higher

Question 329

May result from disparities in access to prenatal care and associated with infant death and other health and developmental problems.

Answer 329

Low Birth Weight

Question 330

Children from ___ ___often fall victim to abuse and neglect and are more likely to struggle academically, which further limits their educational opportunities, vocational options, and financial security.

Answer 330

adolescent pregnancies

Question 331

Being a child born from an adolescent parent (does not impact/increases) the risk for substance use, early sexual activity, and becoming adolescent parents themselves.

Answer 331

increases

Question 332

Most adolescent fathers are, on average, ___ years older than the adolescent mother.

Answer 332

5

Question 333

Over ___% of adolescent fathers do not live with their children, although weekly visits are common.

Answer 333

80

Question 334

Their financial contribution may be limited as they, too, are often living in poverty with limited education, tenuous employment, and, potentially, a criminal history.

Answer 334

Adolescent Fathers

Question 335

Involving fathers may (reduce/increase) maternal postpartum depression, promote breastfeeding and family functioning, and strengthen the child’s psychosocial, cognitive, and behavioural well-being.

Answer 335

reduce

Question 336

(Rarely/often) adolescents cannot balance the stresses and lack the appropriate skills and outlets, adequate support systems, or available mental health intervention.

Answer 336

often

Question 337

The rate of depression (decreases/increases) with age and the incidence continues to (decrease/increase) during adolescence.

Answer 337

increases

increase

Question 338

In Canada, approximately ___% of male youth and ___% of female youth have experienced a major depressive episode.

Answer 338

5

12

Question 339

The total number of 12- to 19-year-olds in Canada at risk for developing depression is an astounding ___.2 million.

Answer 339

3

Question 340

While its exact cause is unknown, many factors are likely to play a role, including family history, personality, life events, and developmental changes.

Answer 340

Depression

Question 341

Identify the following Coping Mechanisms of Adolescents with the help of their descriptions, clues, or suggestions.

Answer 341

Question 342

Suspected when the adolescent uses words such as down, sad, low, blue, hopeless, worried, bored, or discouraged and exhibits several of the following symptoms:

• Change in weight or appetite
• Insomnia or hypersomnia
• Decreased energy or fatigue
• Loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities
• Out-of-proportion feelings of self-reproach or guilt
• Difficulty concentrating; declining school performance
• Preoccupation with death or suicidal ideation

Answer 342

Depression

Question 343

Once depression is recognized, help can make a difference for ___% of affected youth and allow them to return to regular activities.

Answer 343

80

Question 344

Evidence suggests that when healthcare providers complete a mental health screening questionnaire for adolescents during periodic health examinations, referrals to appropriate mental health management and resources (decrease/increase).

Answer 344

increase

Question 345

Nurses may encourage ___ health promotion in teens by teaching them effective coping skills, self-care strategies, and stress-reduction techniques.

Answer 345

metal

Question 346

In Canada, suicide has become the (second/third) leading cause of death among adolescents aged 10 to 24.

Answer 346

second

Question 347

Canada’s youth suicide rate is the (first/third) highest in the industrialized world.

Answer 347

third

Question 348

A national survey revealed that one in ___ (___%) of Canadians aged 15-24 had experienced suicidal thoughts.

Answer 348

7, 14

Question 349

Indigenous youth die by suicide ___ to ___ times more often than non-Indigenous youth.

Answer 349

5

6

Question 350

Suicide ideation and behaviour is (lower/higher) among LGBTQ2 youth.

Answer 350

higher

Question 351

It is estimated that for every completed suicide, there are at least ___ suicide attempts.

Answer 351

20

Question 352

(Females/males) are more likely to die from suicide, while (females/males) are more likely to attempt suicide.

Answer 352

males

females

Question 353

Suicide during adolescence (is not a/is an) impulsive or spontaneous act.

Answer 353

is not a

Question 354

It is selected carefully only after other problem-solving methods have failed and is viewed as the only option.

Answer 354

Suicide

Question 355

Well-known risk factors for this are bullying, depression, and exposure to self-harm on digital media, and may even be related to physical and cognitive developmental changes.

Answer 355

Suicide

Question 356

Adolescent suicide (cannot/can) be prevented.

Answer 356

can

Question 357

Distressed adolescents tend to give clues surrounding it both verbally and nonverbally.

Answer 357

Suicide

Question 358

When (single/several) clues of suicide are noted, they should be recognized as important warning signs.

Answer 358

several

Question 359

Any signs of suicide or threat of suicide should be taken seriously and requires (gradual/immediate) intervention and referral.

Answer 359

immediate

Question 360

Values and beliefs are (innate/learned) phenomena that guide decision-making and actions.

Answer 360

learned

Question 361

With the development of abstract thought, adolescents begin to expand their understanding of good and bad or right and wrong to include autonomous ___ principles that have validity apart from the authority of a parent or society and instead are based on the individual’s beliefs.

Answer 361

moral

Question 362

Adolescents may think or feel something is wrong or bad yet act contrary to that belief because of ___ ___ or the need to declare independence.

Answer 362

peer pressure

Question 363

During adolescence, value and belief alignments can change (mildly/drastically) and (rarely/often).

Answer 363

drastically

often

Question 364

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development demonstrates that the adolescent begins to transition to the ___-___ stage, equating what is right with the idea of justice and basing actions on the recognition of the universal principles underlying laws and social agreements.

Answer 364

post-conventional

Question 365

Fill in the blanks.

Answer 365

Question 366

True or false: it is often when we like adolescents the least that they need us the most.

Answer 366

True

Question 367

Along with suicide and homicide, it continues to be the leading cause of death, hospitalization, and disability among Canadian youth.

Answer 367

(Unintentional) Injury

Question 368

Approximately ___1% of all deaths from unintentional injury among adolescents aged 15 to 19 are attributed to injuries caused by motor vehicle crashes.

Answer 368

7

Question 369

For Indigenous teens, the death rate from unintentional injuries is on average ___ to ___ times higher than for non-Indigenous youth, particularly from motor vehicle crashes and drownings

Answer 369

3

4

Question 370

Few adolescents take measures to reduce their risk of injury, with ___5% rarely or never using a safety belt and ___% rarely or never using a bicycle helmet.

Answer 370

1

90

Question 371

Evidence suggests that distractions, such as talking or texting on cell phones, eating, or playing with the radio, (has no impact on/increase) teen driver’s risk of being involved in a crash.

Answer 371

increase

Question 372

Teens have a much higher (day/night)-time crash fatality rate.

Answer 372

night

Question 373

The tendency to play loud music and change the tune or disc often, the pressure to answer cell phones, and car full of other teens.

Answer 373

Distractions

Question 374

True or false: motor vehicle crashes are a significant cause of only fatal injury.

Answer 374

False

Question 375

Provide adolescents with experiences in competition, teamwork and effort, conflict resolution, and valuable means to develop self-esteem.

Answer 375

(Organized) Sports

Question 376

Expanded end of the long bones.

Answer 376

Epiphyses

Question 377

Adolescent coordination skills are developing, their judgement is often (immature/mature) and (inadequate/adequate), their epiphyses (have not yet/have) closed, and their extremities are (poorly/well) protected by stabilizing musculature.

Answer 377

immature

inadequate

have not yet

poorly

Question 378

Adolescents can also become (uninterested/obsessed) or (unmotivated/driven) to perform beyond their capabilities or to the (exclusion/inclusion) of all other activities.

Answer 378

obsessed

driven

exclusion

Question 379

Performance-enhancing substances, which many professional athletes have unfortunately modelled, creating another potential extreme scenario that places the adolescent at risk of injury.

Answer 379

Steroids

Question 380

Although traumatic brain injury (___) is caused by falls or other mechanical injuries, the most frequent contributing factor in Canadian adolescents is participation in sports and recreational activities.

Answer 380

concussion

Question 381

Hockey, rugby, and ringette are the sports with the (lowest/highest) proportion of brain injuries among youth.

Answer 381

highest

Question 382

Among injured Canadian youth, ___3% of head injuries in children 10 to 14 years of age and ___3% of head injuries in adolescents 15 to 19 years of age were sport-related, while concussion accounted for 9% to 1___% of injuries in high school athletes.

Answer 382

5

4

2

Question 383

True or false: even a minor impact injury to the head or neck, with or without loss of consciousness, can result in long-term physical, emotional, and cognitive effects if it is not appropriately managed, including deficits in cognition, altered neurological status, problems concentrating in school, and fatigue.

Answer 383

True

Question 384

Includes limiting activities that require mental exertion, such as reading, texting, school work, electronic games, and watching television.

Answer 384

Cognitive Rest

Question 385

Both physical and cognitive rest are essential aspects of recovery from it.

Answer 385

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)

Question 386

The nurse advocates the proper use of protective gear during all activities and a thorough ___ sports examination, along with concussion training for coaches and parents.

Answer 386

preparticipation

Question 387

The rate of adolescent victims of violence has (decreased/increased) in the past two decades.

Answer 387

decreased

Question 388

In Canada, ___2% of victims of crime were youth aged 12 to 17 years.

Answer 388

1

Question 389

One-(third/quarter) of Indigenous youth have been victims of violent crimes compared to one-(third/quarter) of non-Indigenous youth.

Answer 389

third

quarter

Question 390

One-(third/quarter) of Indigenous youth have been victims of violent crimes compared to one-(third/quarter) of non-Indigenous youth.

Answer 390

third

quarter

Question 391

The onset of puberty (11-13 years) to the
transition to adulthood (18-24 years).

Answer 391

Adolescence

Question 392

Adolescent (females/males) are disproportionately at risk of firearm injuries, particularly when weapons are kept in the home.

Answer 392

males

Question 393

Adolescents (rarely/often) report a fear of violence and try to (avoid/confront) situations where they might be vulnerable to it.

Answer 393

often

avoid

Question 394

Victims of these crimes can experience both short-term and long-term physical and psychological health problems.

Answer 394

Violent Crimes

Question 395

Occurs when there is an imbalance of power; when someone intentionally and repeatedly says or does harmful things to someone else.

Answer 395

Bullying

Question 396

True or false: bullying only occurs one-on-one.

Answer 396

False

Question 397

___ types of bullying exist.

Answer 397

4

Question 398

Where body parts or objects are used to cause harm, such as hitting, punching, or kicking.

Answer 398

Physical Bullying

Question 399

Where words are used to hurt someone, such as teasing, insults, or threats.

Answer 399

Verbal Bullying

Question 400

Where friends or relationships are used to hurt someone, such as gossiping or spreading rumours.

Answer 400

Social Bullying

Question 401

Involves using electronic media, such as the Internet, social media sites, or text messages, to intimidate or harass other teens repeatedly.

Answer 401

Cyberbullying

Question 402

A form of cyberbullying involving the threat of releasing shared intimate videos, images, or explicit messages online to receive payments to prevent the public release of such videos, images, or messages.

Answer 402

Sextortion

Question 403

Examples include posting embarrassing photos of someone online, pretending to be another person, or sending threatening emails or text messages.

Answer 403

Cyberbullying

Question 404

Different from other forms of bullying as it can harm a victim 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, and can follow them into their home, which is usually a safe environment from traditional bullying.

Answer 404

Cyberbullying

Question 405

In a Canadian survey, ___6% of youths in Grades 7 to 9 had been bullied on more than 12 occasions during the previous year.

Answer 405

1

Question 406

(Females/males) are more likely to be a physical bully and to be a victim of physical bullying, while (females/males) are more likely to be a social bully and to be a victim of social bullying.

Answer 406

males

females

Question 407

May lead to school absences, social isolation, and serious emotional distress, including depression and suicide.

Answer 407

Bullying

Question 408

Adolescents who bully are ___7% more likely than adolescents who do not bully to commit criminal offences as adults and have a higher risk of substance use, school absences, and may be bullied themselves.

Answer 408

3

Question 409

Teens who are valued and nurtured by caring adults have the best chance of emerging from adolescence (dependent/unscathed).

Answer 409

unscathed

Question 410

Restricting or using parental controls on electronic media (is never/may be) necessary.

Answer 410

may be

Question 411

Total screen time should be limited to no more than ___ hours a day for children of all ages.

Answer 411

2

Question 412

Remove access to all electronic device at ___time.

Answer 412

bed

Question 413

Adolescents may be resistant to parental monitoring because of the perception that it invades their privacy; however, nurses can suggest that parents discuss these issues with teens (before/after) providing them with electronic access so that adolescents know from the outset that spot checking will occur and the consequences of inappropriate use.

Answer 413

before

Question 414

A self-limiting viral infection transmitted by direct contact with oropharyngeal secretions.

Answer 414

Infectious Mononucleosis

Question 415

It is prevalent among adolescents and is often referred to as the ‘kissing disease’; however, it can occur in younger children.

Answer 415

Infectious Mononucleosis

Question 416

It is caused by Epstein–Barr virus.

Answer 416

Infectious Mononucleosis

Question 417

Enlarged spleen.

Answer 417

Splenomegaly

Question 418

Enlarged liver.

Answer 418

Hepatomegaly

Question 419

Typically, adolescents complain of a sore throat, lymph node enlargement, and lethargy when they have this infection.

Answer 419

Infectious Mononucleosis

Question 420

Both splenomegaly and hepatomegaly can occur in this infection, creating a risk of injury.

Answer 420

Infectious Mononucleosis

Question 421

The condition is self-limiting and resolves with symptomatic care and appropriate rest.

Answer 421

Infectious Mononucleosis

Question 422

Is serious, often resulting in fulminant sepsis or meningitis.

Answer 422

Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD)

Question 423

Severe and sudden in onset:

Answer 423

fulminant.

Question 424

Severe and sudden in onset:

Answer 424

fulminant.

Question 425

The body’s extreme response to an infection. It is a life-threatening medical emergency.

Answer 425

Sepsis

Question 426

Sepsis was defined as ___ if death occurred within 48 hours of initial blood cultures.

Answer 426

fulminant

Question 427

An infection and inflammation of the fluid and membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 427

Meningitis

Question 428

Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) in Canada is primarily attributable to serogroups ___ and ___.

Answer 428

B

C

Question 429

There are routine programs for serogroup C vaccine (Men-C-C) at ___ months of age, with some provinces and territories routinely providing additional earlier doses.

Answer 429

12

Question 430

A booster dose of Men-C-C vaccine or a quadrivalent (Men-C-ACYW) vaccine is routinely given at ___-___ years of age.

Answer 430

12

14

Question 431

In Canada, there have been (no/many) identified risks of meningococcal disease among university or college students who live in dormitories or residence halls.

Answer 431

no

Question 432

Adolescents are at the period of life with high sexual energy that may lead to high levels of risky behaviours attributable to an increased sense of (invulnerability/vulnerability).

Answer 432

invulnerability

Question 433

Commonly include gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus infection, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B, and HIV infection.

Answer 433

Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections (STBBI)

Question 434

The most frequently reported STBBI in Canada and predominately affects females aged 15-24 years.

Answer 434

Chlamydia

Question 435

Rates of gonorrhea are increasing faster among adolescent (females/males) than adolescent (females/males).

Answer 435

females

males

Question 436

Indigenous people in Canada accounted for an estimated ___% all Canadians with HIV.

Answer 436

10

Question 437

Rectal and pharyngeal gonococcal infections are often (asymptomatic/symtomatic).

Answer 437

asymptomatic

Question 438

___ for Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections (STBBI) is recommended for high-risk adolescents, including those who are sexually active, have had a previous Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections (STBBI), are a victim of sexual abuse or assault, use injection drugs, practice unsafe sex, are homeless, or have spent time in a detention facility.

Answer 438

Screening

Question 439

Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections (STBBI) are reportable diseases, and nurses should be familiar with and comply with a ___ reporting process in their area.

Answer 439

timely

Question 440

It aims to reduce stigma and discrimination that create vulnerabilities to Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections (STBBI), and improve access to testing, treatment, and ongoing care and support.

Answer 440

Pan-Canadian Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infection Framework for Action

Question 441

Testing; initiating care and treatment; and ongoing care and support is apart of this framework.

Answer 441

Pan-Canadian Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infection Framework for Action

Question 442

Discussions about sexuality, sexual activity, contraception, and the prevention of Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections (STBBI) should start (early/later) with adolescents, ideally (before/after) they become sexually active.

Answer 442

early

before

Question 443

Youth must have opportunities to discuss sexual issues with care providers (alone/supervised).

Answer 443

alone

Question 444

Maximizes the likelihood of obtaining a complete sexual history and engaging on questions and concerns that youth might not be comfortable sharing with a parent.

Answer 444

Confidentiality

Question 445

The ___ protects youths’ right to receive confidential care for their sexual and reproductive health, including prescriptions for contraception and treatment of Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections (STBBI), as long as they are mature enough to understand the nature and consequences of treatment.

Answer 445

law

Question 446

Adolescents are affected by (few/many) of the same cancers as younger children.

Answer 446

many

Question 447

Leukemia, osteogenic sarcoma, lymphomas, and central nervous system tumours.

Answer 447

Cancers

Question 448

Leukemia, osteogenic sarcoma, lymphomas, and central nervous system tumours.

Answer 448

Cancers

Question 449

Older adolescents enter the period of their lives during which cancer of the reproductive and related organs is (less/more) common.

Answer 449

more

Question 450

For females, the focus is on ___ and breast cancer; testicular cancer is of concern for males.

Answer 450

cervical

Question 451

The peak incidence of breast and cervical cancer is during (adolescence/middle age).

Answer 451

middle age

Question 452

Breast and cervical cancers are (common/rare) in the teenage years.

Answer 452

rare

Question 453

Risks for (early/later) development of these cancers can occur during adolescence, so prevention and surveillance are essential.

Answer 453

later

Question 454

The extremely small incidence of breast cancer in teens has caused some healthcare providers to de-emphasize this practice for them.

Answer 454

Breast Self-Examination (BSE)

Question 455

A lifelong habit should begin as soon as the female adolescent develops.

Answer 455

Breast Self-Examination (BSE)

Question 456

Detected with a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, obtained from the cervix during a pelvic examination.

Answer 456

Cervical Cancer

Question 457

Factors that increase the risk of ___ cancer include HIV or HPV infection, history of Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections (STBBI), becoming sexually active at a young age, having multiple sex partners, smoking, multiparity, use of oral contraceptives, and daughters whose mothers took diethylstilbestrol (DES).

Answer 457

cervical

Question 458

Routine pelvic examinations and Pap smears are (no longer recommended/recommended) for adolescents.

Answer 458

no longer recommended

Question 459

Routine cervical cancer screening begins for sexually active females at the age of ___ and is repeated every 1 to ___ years, depending on risk factors and previous test results.

Answer 459

21

3

Question 460

Known to cause genital warts, cervical cancer, penile cancer, anal cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer.

Answer 460

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 461

A safe and effective vaccine against ___ HPV types is available and, since 2006, has been routinely administered to all males and females between the ages of ___ and ___.

Answer 461

9

9

13

Question 462

Youth should receive the vaccine (before/after) they become sexually active.

Answer 462

before

Question 463

The number one cancer in adolescent and young adult males and the annual incidence is steadily increasing.

Answer 463

Testicular Cancer

Question 464

Risk factors of testicular cancer include an (undescended/descended) testicle, personal or family history of it, (chloride/calcium) deposits in the testicle, and (short/tall) adult height.

Answer 464

undescended

calcium

tall

Question 465

Testicular cancer occurs (less/more) often in White males and (less/more) in males of African or Asian ancestry.

Answer 465

more

less

Question 466

Testicular cancer (is not/is) linked to a higher socioeconomic status.

Answer 466

is

Question 467

Adolescent males should learn to perform a testicular self-examination and continue this practice (monthly/yearly).

Answer 467

monthly

Question 468

The substance most commonly abused by teenagers.

Answer 468

Alcohol

Question 469

It is illegal to sell alcohol to anyone under the age of ___ in the majority of Canadian jurisdictions.

Answer 469

19

Question 470

70% of Canadian youth aged 1___ to 17 reported consuming an alcoholic beverage in the previous 12 months.

Answer 470

2

Question 471

For adolescent problem drinkers, this mutual aid fellowship has pamphlets and other resources, including meetings, for young people who are ready to begin recovery.

Answer 471

Alcoholics Anonymous

Question 472

After alcohol, ___ is the most widely used psychoactive substance among Canadian youth aged 15-19.

Answer 472

cannabis

Question 473

More commonly called marijuana.

Answer 473

Cannabis

Question 474

A green or brown material consisting of the dried flowers, tops, and leaves of the ___ plant.

Answer 474

cannabis

Question 475

___ is the dark brown or black resinous secretion of the flowering tops and can be further processed to produce ___ oil or wax.

Answer 475

Hashish

hashish

Question 476

Cannabis is usually smoked as a cigarette (‘___’) and may be laced with other substances, such as cocaine.

Answer 476

joint

Question 477

Cannabis can be smoked as a resin in a pipe or bong, referred to as ‘___’ or inhaled through a vaporizer.

Answer 477

dabbing

Question 478

Cannabis can also be baked into foods and orally ingested as ‘___.’

Answer 478

edibles

Question 479

Up to (one-third/one-quarter) of Canadian students in Grades 7 to 12 reported using cannabis.

Answer 479

one-third

Question 480

The overall use of cannabis has steadily (decreased/increased) over the past decade.

Answer 480

decreased

Question 481

(Females/males) are more likely to use cannabis and are more likely to report driving after use.

Answer 481

males

Question 482

Regular use of cannabis before age ___ has been linked to a greater risk of mental illness, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and anxiety, as well as a greater likelihood of impairment of cognitive development among youth.

Answer 482

16

Question 483

Because Canada has recently (prohibited/legalized) the nonmedical use of cannabis, further research is required to provide a clearer understanding of the use and harms of cannabis use among Canadian youth.

Answer 483

legalized

Question 484

The deliberate inhalation of a volatile substance to achieve an altered mental state.

Answer 484

Inhalant Abuse

Question 485

Known as volatile substance abuse, solvent abuse, sniffing, or bagging.

Answer 485

Inhalant Abuse

Question 486

Given that inhalants are (illegal/legal), (inexpensive/expensive), and (easy/hard) to obtain, there is a (low/high) abuse potential among youth.

Answer 486

legal

inexpensive

easy

high

Question 487

Usually starting as children, ___.3% of Canadian youth 15 years of age and older reported lifetime use of inhalants.

Answer 487

1

Question 488

Inhalant abuse is (less/more) common in rural and isolated communities with high unemployment rates, poverty, and violence, among those who have been physically or sexually abused or neglected, the incarcerated or homeless, and in Indigenous communities.

Answer 488

more

Question 489

In a national survey, ___.6% of Canadians in Grades 7 to 9 and ___.5% of students in Grades 10 to 12 reported the use of opioids to get high and not for medicinal purposes.

Answer 489

1

3

Question 490

Among Indigenous youth aged 12 to 17, ___.3% used illicit or prescription opioids to get high.

Answer 490

1

Question 491

Occurs when someone takes one or more drugs in a quantity or combination that exceeds what their body can handle.

Answer 491

Overdose

Question 492

Some drugs, such as opioids, are central nervous system depressants, which (slow/speed) normal functions like breathing and heart rate to the point that they stop altogether.

Answer 492

slow

Question 493

Other drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, and MDMA (ecstasy) (slow/speed up) the central nervous system and may lead to heart attack, stroke, or seizure.

Answer 493

speed up

Question 494

Youth aged ___ to ___ are among the groups with the fastest-growing hospitalization rates for overdoses.

Answer 494

15

24

Question 495

Youth aged 15 to 24 are more likely to binge drink, which poses a higher risk of ___.

Answer 495

toxicity

Question 496

In 2016, Health Canada made naloxone (Narcan) available without a prescription to temporarily reduce the effects of an ___ overdose.

Answer 496

opioid

Question 497

This Act applies to anyone seeking emergency support during an overdose, including the person experiencing an overdose. It provides some legal protection for the person who seeks help, whether they stay or leave the scene before help arrives. The Act also protects anyone else at the scene when help arrives.

Answer 497

Good Samaritan Overdose Act

Question 498

Substance use (is not /is) a precursor to abuse.

Answer 498

is

Question 499

Provide a safe, clean space for people to bring their own drugs to use in the presence of trained staff. This prevents accidental overdoses and reduces the spread of infectious diseases, such as HIV.

Answer 499

Supervised Consumption Sites

Question 500

The CPS recommends individuals be screened for substance use at every well visit during adolescence using the ___ mnemonic.

Answer 500

CRAFFT

Question 501

In 2017, smoking prevalence among students in Grades 7 to 9 was ___% overall, while among adolescents aged 15 to 19, ___.9% were current smokers. However, there was substantial growth by age, as ___.2% of 18- and 19-year-olds were current smokers.

Answer 501

1

7

11

Question 502

Indigenous and LGBTQ2 youth have (lower/higher)-than-average smoking rates.

Answer 502

higher

Question 503

Indigenous and LGBTQ2 youth are more likely to be exposed to second-hand smoke at home and in vehicles (37% and ___1%, respectively) than their mainstream peers (20% and ___%).

Answer 503

5

30

Question 504

Advertising by the tobacco industry directed at adolescents has also been shown to (discourage/encourage) adolescent smoking.

Answer 504

encourage

Question 505

Also known as snuff or chew.

Answer 505

Smokeless Tobacco (SLT)

Question 506

Comes in leaves and is chewed.

Answer 506

Chewing Tobacco

Question 507

Loosely ground tobacco that is placed between the gingival and buccal mucosa.

Answer 507

Snuff

Question 508

Heavily sweetened with sugar and flavouring salts, and because it is held next to the teeth, it promotes tooth decay and periodontal disease.

Answer 508

Smokeless Tobacco (SLT)

Question 509

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) allows gritty material to scratch soft tissues, allowing ___ and other chemicals to enter the bloodstream directly.

Answer 509

nicotine

Question 510

Holding one pinch of smokeless tobacco (SLT) in your mouth for 30 minutes delivers as much nicotine as ___ cigarettes.

Answer 510

4

Question 511

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) (does not carry/carries) significant health risks and (is not/is) a safe substitute for smoking.

Answer 511

carries

is not

Question 512

The use of any form of ___ increases the risk of oral cancer.

Answer 512

tobacco

Question 513

Vaping:

Answer 513

electronic cigarettes.

Question 514

Battery operated devices that vaporize liquid for inhalation through an appliance that resembles a cigarette; there is no smoke involved.

Answer 514

Electronic Cigarettes

Question 515

Flavoured liquid in cartridges, either with or without nicotine, is attractive and legally available to adolescents over the age of ___ years.

Answer 515

18

Question 516

In 2017, ___3% of Canadian youth in Grades 7 to 12 reported vaping at least once.

Answer 516

2

Question 517

Frequently disguised to look like everyday objects (e.g., a USB key) to prevent awareness among parents and teachers.

Answer 517

Vaping Devices

Question 518

Dual use of tobacco and e-cigarettes is (uncommon/common) among Canadian youth.

Answer 518

common

Question 519

True or false: because of the newness of this trend, there is little evidence to determine whether e-cigarette use will contribute to tobacco use or may be used as a safe substitute for smoking.

Answer 519

True

Question 520

Smoking with a hookah or waterpipe, also called a nargile or shisha, is becoming (less/more) common among adolescents in Canada.

Answer 520

more

Question 521

Specially made tobacco is heated and the smoke passes through water and is then drawn through a rubber hose to a mouthpiece.

Answer 521

Hookah/Shisha

Question 522

Traditionally used by (younger/older) men in India and Persia, hookah smoking can be found in restaurants and hookah bars across Canada.

Answer 522

older

Question 523

Contrary to public opinion, using a hookah (is not/is) a safe alternative to smoking and (does not carry/carries) the same health risks as smoking cigarettes.

Answer 523

is not

carries

Question 524

C
R
A
F
F
T

Answer 524

C—Have you ever ridden in a CAR driven by someone, including yourself, who was ‘high’ or had been using alcohol or drugs?
R—Do you ever use alcohol or drugs to RELAX, feel better about yourself, or fit in?
A—Do you ever use alcohol or drugs when you are by yourself, ALONE?
F—Do you ever FORGET things you did while using alcohol or drugs?
F—Does your family or do your FRIENDS ever tell you that you should cut down on your drinking or drug use?
T—Have you gotten into TROUBLE while you were using alcohol or drugs?

Question 525

During a CRAFFT assessment, ___ or more affirmative answers suggest a significant problem and warrant referral and follow-up.

Answer 525

2

Question 526

Teens question, modify, or reject these influences, exchanging them for those of their peers or of the dominant group.

Answer 526

Culture

Question 527

These adolescents often live a double life that might result in increased stress.

Answer 527

First-Generation Adolescents of Immigrant Parents

Question 528

These adolescents often live a double life that might result in increased stress.

Answer 528

First-Generation Adolescents of Immigrant Parents

Question 529

Directed to middle-class or affluent teens.

Answer 529

Advertising

Question 530

Sports activities are the leading cause of health injury in Canadian youth, with (lower/higher) rates of head injuries occurring among Indigenous individuals.

Answer 530

higher

Question 531

Since participation in hockey is common among Indigenous youth, there is an expected incidence of 5–___ concussions per 100 players per season, and more than 15% of all injuries in youth hockey are due to this injury.

Answer 531

20

Question 532

Considered to be a hidden epidemic due to the lack of recognition of them among players, coaches, and parents.

Answer 532

Concussions

Question 533

There is no word in ___ languages for concussion, further limiting the reporting, treatment, and recovery from this injury.

Answer 533

Indigenous

Question 534

Aimed at adolescents and deal with the minimum age at which they can assume adult responsibilities and decision-making.

Answer 534

Laws and Regulations

Question 535

Certain provincial laws may allow a ___- or ___-year-old youth to decide to live independently and assume adult responsibilities.

Answer 535

16

17

Question 536

Except for the province of ___, there are no laws in Canada that specifically provide for emancipation.

Answer 536

Quebec

Question 537

The minor is economically and emotionally separated from the family or guardian.

Answer 537

Emancipation of a Minor

Question 538

The nurse can assure them that information shared will be kept ___ unless the teens pose a risk to themselves or others, states, or public health reporting mandates that the information is shared.

Answer 538

confidential

Question 539

The age of consent to sexual activity is ___ years.

Answer 539

16

Question 540

In some cases, when there is a relationship of trust, authority or dependency, the age of consent is (lower/higher).

Answer 540

higher

Question 541

A 14 or 15-year-old can consent to sexual activity as long as the partner is less than ___ years older and there is no relationship of trust, authority or dependency or any other exploitation of the young person.

Answer 541

5

Question 542

A 12 or 13-year-old can consent to sexual activity with a partner as long as the partner is less than ___ years older and there is no relationship of trust, authority or dependency or any other exploitation of the young person.

Answer 542

2

Question 543

Some adolescents seek ___ to earn their own money and have control over it.

Answer 543

employment

Question 544

True or false: some adolescents work because their families need income.

Answer 544

True

Question 545

___ can continue to see their child health care providers in a pediatric centre as they did younger children.

Answer 545

Teens

Question 546

This setting is usually rejected by teens because of the young-child atmosphere.

Answer 546

Pediatric

Question 547

Pregnant adolescents (physical/psychosocial) needs differ from adults and should be approached by a professional with comprehensive knowledge of their development and responses to stress.

Answer 547

psychosocial

Question 548

Adolescents not only tend to be (fearless/fearful) about procedures or possible diagnoses but also need to stay in control of the situation.

Answer 548

fearful

Question 549

In many instances, the adolescent (is not/is) hesitant to voice concerns, so information (is not/is) offered when questions are not asked.

Answer 549

is x2

Question 550

An (ineffective/effective) indirect approach to learning about adolescent concerns, especially about potentially embarrassing or stressful topics, is to say “Many teenagers ask me about [a topic]. Have you ever thought about this?” or “A lot of young people want to know about [a topic].”

Answer 550

effective

Question 551

True or false: direct questions should be avoided: “Have you ever thought about suicide?” “Are you depressed?” “Are you sexually active?” “Do you use birth control and/or protection?”

Answer 551

False

Question 552

Asking first about friends and the adolescent’s feelings about them may be an (ineffective/effective) lead-in approach: “Are any of your friends doing drugs?” “How do you feel about it?”

Answer 552

effective

Question 553

___ or circuitous questions may be interpreted as a sign of discomfort or lack of understanding and may cause the adolescent to be equally ___ when responding.

Answer 553

Vague

vague

Question 554

Provides a mnemonic that guides health care providers through an adolescent’s psychosocial assessment.

Answer 554

HEADSSS Assessment

Question 555

Responses should be interpreted as those that are indicators of strengths or protection from risk and those that are indicators of risky behaviour or situations.

Answer 555

HEADSSS Assessment

Question 556

H
E (3)
A
D
S
S
S

Answer 556

Home
Education, employment, eating
Activities
Drugs
Sexuality
Suicide or Depression
Safety

Question 557

Correct anatomical terms and descriptions of laboratory tests, disease processes, and possible outcomes are (confusing/essential components) in treating adolescents as capable of being responsible for their bodies.

Answer 557

essential components