Ears/Eyes Flashcards
weber test:
- normal
- conductive hearing loss
- sensorineural hearing loss
- normal: no localization
- conductive: localizes to affected ear
- sensorineural: localizes to unaffected ear
rinne test:
- normal
- conductive hearing loss
- sensorineural hearing loss
normal: air conduction > bone conduction
conduction: bone conduction > air conduction
sensorineural: AC > BC
noise-induced hearing loss is from damage to what
stereociliated cells in organ of corti
what are cholesteatomas made of
sx
overgrowth of desquamated keratin debris within middle ear space
painless otorrhea
meniere
sx
tx
increased endolymph within inner ear
sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus
low salt diet +/- diuretics
what is open angle glaucoma
angle between the cornea and the iris is “open”
what is closed angle glaucoma
angle between cornea and iris is “closed”
enlargement or anterior movement of lens against central iris –> obstruction of normal aqueous flow through pupil –> fluid builds up behind iris –> pushes peripheral iris against cornea and impedes flow through trabecular meshwork
sx acute closed angle glaucoma
very painful red eye, sudden vision loss, halos around lights, frontal headache, nausea and vomiting
is open angle glaucoma painful
is closed angle glaucoma painful
no
yes
flame shaped retinal hemorrhages are found in what dz
hypertensive retinopathy
gross findings in hypertensive retinopathy
flame shaped retinal hemorrhages
microanuerysms
arteriovenous nicking
macular star
cotton wool spots
“blood and thunder” appearance on fundoscopy indicates
retinal vein occlusion
crinkling of retinal tissue and changes in vessel direction on fundoscopy
retinal detachment
acute, painless, monocular vision loss with cherry red spot at fovea
central retinal artery occlusion
what is retinitis pigmentosa
inherited progressive retinal degeneration
night blindness –> peripheral vision loss
CN III damage sx
blown pupil w/ down and out gaze
CN IV damage sx
pupil higher on affected side
head tilt to contralateral/unaffected side
CN VI damage sx
affected eye unable to abduct, displaced medially
what causes bitemporal hemianopsia (loss of lateral vision in both eyes)
pituitary lesion, chiasm lesion
what causes left or right upper qaudrantanopia
“pie in the sky”
temporal lesion, MCA lesion
what causes left or right lower quadrantanopia
parietal lesion, MCA lesion
what causes central scotoma (loss of vision in center of visual field)
macular degeneration
a right temporal lesion would cause what visual deficit
LEFT upper quadrantanopia
what causes right or left hemianopia with macular sparing
occipital lesion, PCA lesion
a right parietal lesion would cause what visual deficit
LEFT lower quadrantanopia
an internal carotid artery aneurysm would impinge on what cranial nerve
abducens
what is cavernous sinus syndrome
cause: pituitary tumor mass effect, carotid-cavernous fistula, or cavernous sinus thrombosis related to infection
ophthalmoplegia (CN III, IV, VI)
decreased corneal sensation (CN V)
horner syndrome
occasional decreased maxillary sensation
sx internuclear ophthalmoplegia
impaired ipsilateral adduction and contralateral nystagmus
