Anatomy

Question 1

afferent and efferent:

pupillary light reflex

Answer 1

A: CN II

E: CN III

Question 2

afferent and efferent:

corneal reflex

Answer 2

A: V-1

E: VII

Question 3

afferent and efferent:

jaw jerk reflex

(stretch reflex stimulating masseter contraction)

Answer 3

A: V3

E: V3

Question 4

afferent and efferent:

vestibulocochlear reflex

(compensatory eye movements that provide image stabilization when head/body moves)

Answer 4

A: VIII

E: III, IV, VI

Question 5

afferent and efferent:

carotid sinus reflex

(increased carotid sinus pressure that causes decreased HR and BP)

Answer 5

A: IX

E: X

Question 6

afferent and efferent:

cough reflex

(cough induced by upper respiratory irritation)

Answer 6

A: X

E: X

Question 7

afferent and efferent:

gag reflex

Answer 7

A: IX

E: X

Question 8

innervation and action of levator palpebrae

Answer 8

CN III

raise upper eyelid and maintain open eye

Question 9

aneurysms causing CN III palsy most often involve what artery

Answer 9

PCA

Question 10

ligation of the inferior thyroid artery in a thyroidectomy poses risk of injuring what structure

Answer 10

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 11

what muscle inserts onto the greater trochanter of the femur

Answer 11

gluteus medius m.

Question 12

mid shaft humerus fractures in the radial groove damage what nerve and what movement

Answer 12

radial nerve

causes weakness or paralysis of the hand and finger extensor muscles

(will not be able to extend the wrist normally)

Question 13

why do mid shaft humerus fractures in the radial groove not affect the triceps muscles

Answer 13

sparing of the triceps brachia occurs because fibers innervating the triceps leave the nerve before it enters the radial groove

(elbow extension and triceps reflex will be intact)

Question 14

function of radial nerve in the arm

Answer 14

innervates all extensor muscles of the upper limb below the shoulder

provides sensory innervation to the skin of the posterior arm, forearm, and dorsal lateral hand

Question 15

describe the venous drainage below the dentate line in the rectum

Answer 15

middle and inferior rectal veins –> drains into systemic circulation via internal iliac vein

Question 16

describe the venous drainage above the dentate line in the rectum

Answer 16

superior rectal vein –> drains into portal venous system via inferior mesenteric vein

Question 17

in a distal clavicle fracture, if the proximal part of the clavicle is being pulled upward, what muscle is most likely causing displacement of the proximal part?

Answer 17

sternocleidomastoid

Question 18

in a proximal or mid shaft clavicle fracture, if the distal part is being pulled inferolaterally, what muscle is most likely causing displacement of the distal part?

Answer 18

pectoralis major

Question 19

sensory loss of lateral leg and dorsal foot WITH foot drop indicates damage to what nerve

Answer 19

common perineal

Question 20

sensory loss of lateral leg and dorsal foot WITHOUT foot drop indicates damage to what nerve

Answer 20

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 21

foot drop without sensory loss indicates damage to what nerve

Answer 21

deep peroneal nerve

Question 22

sensation to medial leg and foot is supplied by what nerve

Answer 22

saphenous nerve