DZ: Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards
Musculoskeletal System
Provides body framework, support and movement
Protects internal organs
Stores calcium
Produces blood cells
Made up of:
- m - tend - bone - cartilage - lig - bursae
Bone Marrow
Hematopoieses - formation of RBC
Joints
Synovial joint:
- Articular or hyaline cartilage
- Absorbs shock, 80% water
- Chondrocytes: produce collagen
- Ligaments
- Menisci (knee) or labrum (SHO)
- Bursae (fluid sacs)
DJD
Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Not a true inflammatory disease (local to
only one jt)
- Repetitive stress a common cause
- Hip (pain in groin to hip = Trendelenburg
gait- knee movement inward)
- Knee (quads atrophy = Genu varus gait-
knee outward)
- Heberden’s Nodes (Distal Phalangeal Jt)
- Tx: AD (SPC,FWW), synthetic synovial
injection, jt replacement, NSAIDS
Spondylosis
Degeneration of vertebral discs
“Scotty Dog” Defect
S/S: Lipping & compression fractures
PT: Abdominal/Extensor strength
Spondylolisthesis
Slippage of one vertebral body anteriorly on another = Narrows spinal canal
S/S: LBP when supine (high lordosis)
PT: avoid extension
Infective Arthritis
80% of incidence = have STDs bacteria; viral or metabolic disorders S/S: sever pain Life threatening if not resolved PT: only after infx is treated
Lyme Dz
Affects multiple body systems
S/S: bulls-eye rash
Gout
Crystals in jnts
Common in Males
Risk factors: hyperuricemia (not extorting uric acid well)
S/S: kidney disfunction/kidney stones
Osteoporosis
Greater decrease in bone mass & density in lumbar, pelvis, and femur (bone reabsorption exceeding bone formation)
Postmenopausal women highest risk (low estrogen)
PT interv: strengthening (free weights, water exercises), weight bearing (walking, low impact aerobic), flexibility (improve posture, avoid full truck flexion), and stability exercises (decrease risk of fall)
Rickets/Osteomalacia
Children/Adults
Low Vit-D
Causes compression fx = “bowing of legs”
Caused by hyperthyroid & hyperparathyroid
Legg-Clave-Perches Dz
avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis from trauma to the area
Femoral head becomes flatten (lead to arthritis if diagnosed after 8y/o)
Common in males (3-12y/o)
PT Interv: brace needed during tx (medial/ABD of hip)
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
femoral head slides against the epiphysis area of the femur (laterally rotate when amb)
Common in Males (11-16y/o) = high femoral growth
Paget’s Dz
AKA ostetitis deformans
S/S: abnormal bone structures (from bone reabsorption)
- skull: loss of hearing & vertigo
MI: calcitonin
Osteoma
Bone Tumor
Common in older adults in the head/neck
S/S: ROM limitations, vertigo, loss of sensation, and hearing difficulties
Osteoid Osteoma
Benign Bone Tumor
Common in young adults ages of 20-30
Occurs in the cortex of long bones (femur/tibia)
Osteoblastoma
Rare benign tumor but can affect the whole spine causing pain throughout
Osteochondroma
Most common benign bone tumor
Occurs in the pox humerus, dist femur, prox tibia
S/S: limb length discrepancy
Ewing’s Sarcoma
Malignant bone tumor
Affects long bones, pelvis, chest
More common in children (occurring during puberty)
Multiple Myeloma
Malignant tumor of plasma cells in bone marrow
More common in black males (AIDS pts)
Low survival rate
S/S: bacterial infxn of skull, pelvis, spine
Causes: higher in areas of high exposure to chemicals and metals
Genu Valgum
“knocked knees” - cause ant knee pain
S/S: circumduction gait pattern
Can be corrected before bone maturation
Genu Varum
Legs are outward
Occurs in childhood
S/S: normal alignment should occur by 16y/o
