Dz: Endocrine, Metabolic & Nutritional

Question 1

Pituitary Hypofunction (4-Dz)

Answer 1

Simmonds Dz: weankness, hypotension, weight loss, loss of energy
Dwarfism: short stature, headaches, excess thirst, incr urine
Diabetes Insipidus: large amounts of urine
Sheehan’s Syndrome: restricted blood flow to pituitary (occurs during birth)

Question 2

Hyperpituitarism (2-Dz)

Answer 2

Gigantism: excess GH before puberty
Acromegaly: large hands, feet, protruding mandible, thick skull

Question 3

ADH (high & low)

Answer 3

High ADH: retained fluid, irritable

Low ADH: polyuria (high urine), polydipsea (thirst), severe dehydration, diabetes

Question 4

Goiter

Answer 4

Enlarged thyroid gland
Endemic (hypothyroid- low iodine)
Toxic Goiter (hyperthyroid)

Question 5

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 5

Excessive T4/T3
Grave's Dz (bulging eyes)
Exopthalmos (eyes wide open - vision problems)
Hypermetabolism 
Toxic Goiter

Question 6

Hyperthyroid Storm

Answer 6

Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism

• hyperthermia
• tachycardia
• CHF
• delerium
• sometimes due to high thyroid meds

Question 7

Hypothyroidism

Answer 7

Underactive thyroid 
Hashimotos thyroiditis (autoimmune) 
Myxedema (non pitting edema) 
Cretinism: congenital hypothyroidism 
  - iodine deficiency (lead to mental retardation)

Question 8

Adrenal Dz (Cushing’s & Addison’s)

Answer 8

Cushing's Syndrome: excess cortisol > ACTH
  - fat at back of neck
  - moon face
  - thick trunk
  - fragile skin (red streaks) 
  - diabetes
Addison's Dz: low cortisol
  - low blood glucose
  - poor stress response
  - decreased body hair

Question 9

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type1

Answer 9

Deficient of insulin production in pancreas
Diagnosed primarily in children
Cannot control with just diet (need insulin injections/pump)
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): incr ketones-excessive fatty acids, catabolism of fats/proteins
- dry mouth & skin
- acute
Hypoglycemia (insulin sock)
- slurred speech, staggering, moist skin
- acute

Question 10

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 2

Answer 10

Noninsulin-dependent 
Decreased effectiveness of insulin 
Common in adults
Thrifty gene: pima indians
Diabetic coma: overindulging in carbs
  - chronic

Question 11

Diabetes initial S/S

Answer 11

Hyperglycemia: high blood glucose > urine
Polyuria: high urine output
Polydipsia: dehydration causing thirst
Polyphagia: lack of glucose > stimulates appetite

Question 12

Diabetes chronic conditions

Answer 12

Diabetic Retinopathy: obstructed vision
Cataracts: cloudy vision
Peripheral Neuropathy: impaired sensation, numbness, tingling, mm weakness
Frequent Infxns

Question 13

Acid Base Balance

Answer 13

7.35-7.45

hydratioin maintains electrolyte homeostasis/normal fluid balance, low Na balance is essential

Question 14

Anorexia

Answer 14

Malnutrition, constipation, renal-failure (dehydration)

Tx: 50% successful

Question 15

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 15

Bing-Purge

Decay: teeth/esophagus/GI tract