Dz: Ch.3 - Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Systolic/Diastolic

Answer 1

BP when blood ejected from left ventricle / pressure when ventricles are relaxed

Question 2

Heart Sounds (lubb-dupp)

Answer 2

Lubb - S1(A-V valves)Dupp - S2(semilunar Valves)

Question 3

Atrial Fibrillation

Answer 3

Involuntary contraction of atria

Question 4

cyanosis

Answer 4

O2 sat of less 80%

PT Int: ex only near 95%

Question 5

Heart Block

Answer 5

3rd deg: no beat gets through

Question 6

Intermittent claudication

Answer 6

Arterial Disease (usually popliteal artery) 
Pain with activity, resolves with rest

Question 7

Palpitations

Answer 7

Arrythmia- Pounding or awareness of change in beat (premature ventricular contractions)
Mitral valve incompetence, CAD- Stress, caffeine, medications

Question 8

Reduced Ejection Fraction

Answer 8

Left ventricle impairment - less blood transferred

Question 9

Syncope

Answer 9

Reduced ox to brainCan cause HA or fainting

Question 10

Ventricular Fibrillation

Answer 10

Ventricle stops contracting

Question 11

Cardiac Diagnostic Tests

Answer 11

ECG, Holter moniter, Echocardiogram, chest x-ray, cardiac catheterization, blood studies, PET scan (blood flow to heart), Stress Test

Question 12

Angina Pectoris

Answer 12

Chest pain

S/S: sever/sharp and sometimes referred pain

Question 13

Aortic atherosclerosis

Answer 13

Plaque build up in aorta - cause aneurysms
S/S: none initially
Discovered by accident
PT: aneurysm is CI for ex until repaired

Question 14

Atherosclerosis

Answer 14

hardening of arteries - caused by atheromas

S/S: none visually

Question 15

Ateriosclerosis

Answer 15

hardening of walls of smaller arteriol vessels

Question 16

Cardiac Arrest

Answer 16

Result of MI, loss of blood, traumatic event

50% affected and die show no warning

Question 17

Heart Failure

Answer 17

Occurs if 40% of left ventricle is damaged/weak

Question 18

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 18

Heart hypertrophies

Rx: diuretics

Question 19

CHF

Answer 19

Cant pump enough blood
S/S: heart failure - (L) pulmonary edema, (R) peripheral edema
PT int: inc strength/endurance

Question 20

Endocarditis

Answer 20

Bacterial infection of lining of heart
Staph/Strep
S/S: splinter hemorrhages

Question 21

Elevation of S-T segment

Answer 21

Can cause MI & Acute pericarditis

Question 22

Hypertension

Answer 22

Primary or essential: 90% (unknown causes) - hereditary, lifestyle, diet, occupation
Secondary: 10% (due to another disease)
Pt int: monitor VS

Question 23

Ischemic heart disease

Answer 23

Heart m deprived of blood supply
S/S: death of heart muscle (can have no pain)
PT int: cardiac rehab

Question 24

Myocarditis

Answer 24

Disease of myocardium

S/S: shortness of breath (SOB)

Question 25

Arterial Disease

Answer 25

Artertitis (Giant Cell Artertitis)

S/S: vision changes

Question 26

Valve disease

Answer 26

Stenosis, insufficiency, prolapsePT int: ok to perform unless c/o of coughing or fatigue, pale: consult with PT

Question 27

Cerebral Vascular Disease

Answer 27

Risk factors: high LDL

S/S: atheroma/thrombus (TIA, Prolonged Ischemai)

Question 28

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 28

Blue Babies (low O2)
Defects: -pulmonary valve stenosis (low outflow)
-ventricular septal defect (L/R Ventricle hole)
-dextroposition of aorta (mixed blood)
-R ventricular hypertrophy

Question 29

Venous Disease

Answer 29

Thrombophlebitis
S/S: pain centered on calf
PT: ambulate/ex pts early

Question 30

Blood Disorder

Answer 30

Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Polycythemia (inc RBC:lung/heart dz)
Thrombocytopenia

Question 31

Anemia

Answer 31

Decreases O2 transpIron deficient:

• low iron
• malabsorption
• loss of blood
• pregnancy

Question 32

Megaloblastic & Aplastic Anemia

Answer 32

Megaloblastic - low folic acid/B12

Aplastic - bone marrow unable to produce RBC