DZ: Digestive System Flashcards
Barium Enema Test
Depository
Detects lesions in colon
Barium Swallow Test
Liquid covers esophagus/stomach/sm intestine (upper GI)
Diagnostic Testing of GI
Sigmoidoscopy
Digital Rectal Exam
Endoscopy (upper GI)
Esophageal Cancer
Risks: large alcohol consumption, smoke, acid-reflex, HPV
S/S: adenocarcinoma (GERD) - hoarseness, painful swallowing
GERD
defect of lower esophageal sphincter (weak muscles or relax at wrong time) or slow emptying of contents > small intestine
Carcinoma of the mouth
Risks: tobacco, high alcohol, HPV
S/S: sores that don’t heal on the tongue/mouth/gums & red (cancer)/white patches in mouth
PT: Reeducation of the muscles of the mouth
Survival: 5yr - 56%
TMJ
Causes: gingivitis, arthritis & teeth clinching
S/S: pain & stiffness of jaw/neck/face, clicking/grinding when moving jaw
PT: anti-inflamm modalities (e-stim, iontophoresis, US), ex: mouth muscle relaxation
Gastric cancer (carcinoma of stomach)
Highest in Japan
S/S: weight loss
Risks: pickled or salty foods
PT: mobility training
Erosive Gastritis (ulcer)
hemorrhaging, smooth –crater like lesions
Non-Erosive Gastritis
chronic condition
Pyloric Stenosis
seen in infants or can be acquired that causes projectile vomiting or a feeling of fullness
Dumping Syndrome
Lack control of gastric emptying (high sugar/carbs)
Early (within 30min) S/S: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Late (1-4hrs) S/S: high sugar > large drop
- sweating, hunger, tachycardia, fatigue
PT: make sure pt doesn’t eat before tx
celiac disease
Gluten intolerance
Autoimmune: small intestine villi destroyed
- malabsorption
S/S: steatorrhea (fat in stool) feces, loos stool, dermatitis herpetiformis (not contageous)
Long term: anemia, osteoporosis
PT: WBing ex
colorectal cancer
Occur in the sigmoid colon/rectum
Risks: polyps (fingerlike growths) of the colon, high fat diet, Crohn’s Dz, ulcerative colitis
S/S: bloody feces, narrow stool, LLQ
Diverticulosis
non-inflammatory diverticula (pouch like) of the colon, precursor to diverticulitis
Diverticulitis
inflammatory diverticula (pouchlike process) of the colon, can lead to infx/bleeding and partial or complete blockage of colon
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Dz (IBD) - 2 Dzs
Crohn’s Dz & Ulcerative Colitis
Crohns Disease
small intestine effected
Skip Lessions -> cobblestone appearance
pain in RLQ, malabsorption/malnutrition
Ulcerative colitits
bleeding/fever/cramping during passage of feces
Develop megacolon
Rectum/colon affected
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
no damage to intestine (no cancer)
S/S: urgency, abdominal bloating
Cholelithiasis
gallstones accumulate in the bladder
Choleycystitis
inflamed gallbladder due to gallstones
Cholangitis
inflamed gallbladder caused by bile infx
choledocholithiasis
obstruction by gallstones of biliary tract
Gallstones
Form from high concentrations of cholesterol or deficit in bile salts
2X women
Risks: obesity, high cholesterol, oral contraceptives or estrogen, women 2X
- Female, Fat, Forty, Fertile
S/S: sudden sever pain, radiates to back or R-shoulder
Liver Cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma)
Linked to Hep-B
S/S: hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
acute pancreatitis
Inflammation of pancreas Causes: pancreatic enzymes attacking pancreas - ETOH - high alcohol consumption - gallstones S/S: LBP, hypovolemia - rapid/weak pulse
Pancreatic Cancer
Risks: diet, smoking, pancreatitis
95% mortality rate
peritonitis
Inflammation of peritoneal membrane
Causes: infx from liver/kidney failure
S/S: leukocytosis (high WBC), rigid (hard) abdomen
PT: ambulation, bed mobility, strength, endurance, functional activities
