Blood & Lymph Dz Flashcards
Fibrinolysis
inhibitors to prevent over clotting
Hemophilia A
Most common (90%) clotting disorder - (x-linked recessive disorder)
fibrin mesh doesn’t form - hemorrhage possible
S/S: painful crippling deformities, blood in urine/feces
Tx: blood transfusion with clotting factor
- may cause immune response or contagious
Hemophilia B
“Christmas Dz”
similar to Hemophilia A
Hemophilia C
“Rosenthal’s hemophilia”
Milder form
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Life threatening - excessive bleeding/clotting
Multiple organ failure may occur
Causes: infx, carcinomas, trauma, obstetric complications
S/S: dependent on hemorrhage or thrombosis occurs
- hypotension
- mucosal bleeding
- hematuria
Leukemia
Group of neoplastic disorders involving WBCs
Excessive nonfunctional & immature WBCs accumulate
Causes: chromosomal abnormalities, exposure to radiation/chemicals
Chronic: older adults
Acute: young adults & children
S/S: infx, hemmorrhage (low thrombocytes), enlarged lymph nodes/liver/spleen
Tx: chemo, bone marrow transplants
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Most common childhood cancer (age 2-5)
80% of childhood leukemia
Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML)
Common in adults
Causes: radiation, benzene, viruses, chemo
Lymphatic Disorders
Multiple Myeloma
Lymphoma
Lymphedema
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Involves lymphocyte proliferation in a single lymph node then spreads bilaterally one by one (slowly)
Diagnosed: (+) Reed-Sternburg Cell
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Involves B-lymphocytes
Associated with HIV
Spreads through scattered lymph nodes throughout (random)
Organ failure occurs in earlier stages
Blood Disorders (3)
Hemophilia
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation-DIC
Leukemia
Staging of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (4)
Stage I: single lymph node or region
Stage II: 2 or more LN regions same side of diaphragm
Stage III: nodes both sides of diaphragm and spleen
Stage IV: diffuse, extralymphatic involvement
Multiple Myeloma
Neoplastic disease which occurs in older adults (african american males)
Bone erosion = plasma cells (b-lymphocytes) replace marrow
S/S: infx, fractures, bone pain at rest, hypercalcemia (from bone breakdown), multiple tumors
Lymphedema
An abnormal condition of lymph accumulation in the extremities due to a blockage of the lymphatic system
Causes: congenital, parasites-worms (block vessels), cancer (block vessels), lymphangitis (inflamm of lymphatic vessels by bacteria)
