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Gastro Medicine > Dysphagia > Flashcards

Dysphagia Flashcards

1
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

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2
Q

What are the two types of dysphagia?

A

Oro-pharyngeal

Oesophageal

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3
Q

What is oro-pharyngeal dysphagia?

A

Patient struggles to get food to leave the mouth

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4
Q

What can cause oro-pharyngeal dysphagia?

A

Problems coordinating muscles as a result of neurological disease

  • stroke
  • nerve palsy
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5
Q

What examinations should you do with oro-pharyngeal dysphagia?

A

Cranial nerve

Swallow safety

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6
Q

What is oesophageal dysphagia?

A

Food/fluid leaves mouth ok and then gets stuck

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7
Q

What can cause oesophageal dysphagia?

A

Obstruction

Neuromuscular problem

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8
Q

What is odynophagia?

A

Painful swallowing

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9
Q

What is globus pharyngis?

A

Persistent painless sensation that there is something stuck in the throat

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10
Q

What are causes of dysphagia?

A 
Oesophageal cancer
Oesphagitis
Oesophageal candidiasis
Achalasia 
Pharyngeal pouch 
Systemic sclerosis 
Myasthenia gravis
Stroke
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11
Q

What is achalasia?

A

Failure of the lower oesophageal stricture to relax and allow food to pass

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of achalasia?

A

Difficulty swallowing - solids + liquids
Reurgitation
Heartburn
Weight loss

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13
Q

What are the signs on barium swallow of achalasia?

A

Bird beak sign

Oesophageal dilatation

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14
Q

How is achalasia managed?

A

Medication

  • nitrates
  • nifedipine

Balloon dilatation

Botox injection

Surgery

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15
Q

What investigations do you do for suspected dysphagia?

A

Bloods

  • FBC
  • U+Es

CXR

Barium swallow

Upper GI endoscopy

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16
Q

What is oesophagitis?

A

Inflammation of the lining of the oesophagus

17
Q

What causes oesophagitis?

A

Prolonged reflux

Infection

18
Q

What is a pharyngeal pouch?

A

A pocket forms at the top of the oesophagus

19
Q

What are symptoms of pharyngeal pouch?

A

Dysphagia
Regurgitation
Hallitosis

20
Q

What is systemic sclerosis?

A

Chronic disease causing fibrosis and vascular disease

21
Q

What is plummer-vinson syndrome?

A

Triad of

  • dysphagia (oesophageal webs)
  • glossitis
  • iron deficiency anaemia
22
Q

Which muscles does a pharyngeal pouch form between?

A

Thyropharyngeus

Cricopharyngeus

Gastro Medicine (20 decks)

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