Drugs quiz 2

Question 1

phenytoin

Answer 1

anti-epileptic : sodium channel blocker

• Tonic-clonic seizures
• Focal seizures
• Status epilepticus

Question 2

Exenatide

Answer 2

Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP1) Analogues

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea

Question 3

Tamoxifen

Answer 3

anti-oestrogen

• oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer
• infertility

Question 4

Levonorgestrel

Answer 4

progestogen

• hormone replacement therapy

Question 5

Ciclosporin

Answer 5

disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug: Calcineurin inhibitors

*Ciclosporin can reduce activity in the immune system and help prevent damage to joints.*

• UC
• RA
• atopic dermatitis
• organ trasnplantation
  *

Question 6

5-Fluorouracil

Answer 6

antimetabolite chemotherapy

inhibit thymidylate synthase

Question 7

Buprenorphine

Answer 7

Buprenorphine is an opioid-receptor partial agonist (it has opioid agonist and antagonist properties).

• opioid painkiller
• opioid resistance

Question 8

Hyoscine hydrobromide

Answer 8

Muscarninic antagonist- works by blocking some of the effects of acetylcholine within the nervous system

• Motion sickness
• hypersalivation
• excessive resp secretions

Question 9

Bumetanide

Answer 9

loop diuretic

• Inhibition of Na/K/2Cl co-transporter in the loop of Henle*
• Oedema

Question 10

Amiodarone

Answer 10

Class III antiarythmic

• Potassium channel blockers*
• Treatment of arrhythmias, particularly when other drugs are ineffective or contra-indicated (including paroxysmal supraventricular, nodal and ventricular tachycardias, atrial fibrillation and flutter, ventricular fibrillation, and tachyarrhythmias associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome)

Question 11

Aluminium hydroxide

Answer 11

antacid: Neutralise hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions

• heartburn
• acid indigestion
• upset stomach.
• They may be used to treat these symptoms in patients with peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophagitis, hiatal hernia, or too much acid in the stomach

Question 12

Macrogol

Answer 12

osmotic laxative: draws water into stool

• constipation
• faecal compaction

Question 13

Omeprazole

Answer 13

proton-pump inhibitor

• gastric/ duodenal ulcers
  
  • NSAID
  • H.pylori
• H.pylori (in combo with other drugs)
• GORD
• functional dyspepsia

Question 14

Losartan

Answer 14

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB): AT₁ receptor antagonist

• hypertension (with Type 2DM or black african/ afrocaribean origin

Question 15

Heparin

Answer 15

Unfractionated heparin (UFH): Inhibition of active clotting factors - Xa AND IIa (thrombin)

• PE
• angina
• DVT
• Thrombophylaxis in surgical patients

Question 16

Alirocumab

Answer 16

PCSK9 inhibitors: Monoclonal antibody that inhibit the PCSK9 enzyme (in combination with other lipid- lowering drug e.g. statin)

• Primary hypercholesterolaemia
• atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Question 17

Salmeterol

Answer 17

Long acting B2 agonist

• asthma
• COPD (with degree of reversibility)

Question 18

Fluticasone

Answer 18

corticosteroid (inhaled)

• asthma prophylaxis
• allergic rhinitis
• dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis (if unresponsive to less strong steroids)

Question 19

Codeine

Answer 19

analgesic- opioid receptor agonist (Mu receptor)

• mild to moderate pain
• diarrhea

Question 20

Amantadine

Answer 20

dopamine receptor agonist

• Parkinsons

Question 21

Azithromycin

Answer 21

macrolide: inhibition of bacterial protein biosynthesis

alternative in penicillin-allergic patients. They are active against many-penicillin-resistant staphylococci, but some are now also resistant to the macrolides.

• campylobacter enteritis
• respiratory infections (including pneumonia, whooping cough, Legionella, chlamydia, and mycoplasma infection)
• skin infections
• syphilis

Question 22

Selegiline

Answer 22

monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor (MOA)

• parkinsons

Question 23

Estradiol

Answer 23

• Oestrogen steroid hormone

hormonal replacement therapy

Question 24

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Answer 24

• Synthetic progestogen*
• hormone replacement therapy

Question 25

Ulipristal acetate

Answer 25

• Progesterone receptor modulator*
• emergency contraception

Question 26

tarcolimus

Answer 26

antimetabolite- calcineurin inhibitor

• ecezema

Question 27

Pyridostigmine

Answer 27

a nticholinersterase- inhibition of chilinesterase

• myasthenia gravis

Question 28

Protamine Sulphate

Answer 28

heparin reversal

Question 29

Tranexamic acid

Answer 29

antifibrinolytic- inhibit the activation of plasminogen from plasmin

• menorrhagia
• local fibrinolysis

Question 30

Diltiazem

Answer 30

class IV antiarrythmic- calcium channel blocker

• angina
• hypertension
• supraventricular arrythmia