Drug quiz 5 Flashcards
Verapamil
Calcium channel blocker (non-dihydropyridine)- Inhibition of L-type calcium channels – tissue selective
- hypertension
- supraventiruclar tachycardia
Isosorbide mononitrate
nitric oxide (NO) donor
- NO causes a relaxation of vascular smooth muscle via the stimulation of guanylyl cyclase and the subsequent increase of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentration*
- Prophylaxis of angina
Clopidogrel
- ADP (P2Y12) receptor antagonists:* selectively inhibits the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet P2Y12 receptor and the subsequent ADP- mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation. This action is irreversible.
- Prevention of atherothrombotic events
Ipratropium bromide
short acting- anti-muscarinic: M3 receptor antagonists
- Reversible airways obstruction
- severe/ lifethreatening asthma
- bronchospasm
Metoclopramide
D2 antagonist:
- antiemetic
Paracetamol
analgesic: COX-2 inhibition in spinal cord
Co-beneldopa
dopamine receptor agonists: contain levodopa and DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor
- parkinsons
Clarithromycin
macrolide: inhibition of bacterial protein biosynthesis
- soft tissue infections
- cellulitis
- impetigo
- Pneumonia
Metronidazole
- anaerobic infections
- human bites
- H.pylori eradication
- etcccc
Ethinylestradiol
synthetic derivatives of oestrogen
- Short-term treatment of symptoms of oestrogen deficiency
- osteoporosis
- menstrual disorders
haloperidol
antipsychotic and antiemetic: Primarily post synaptic D2 receptor antagonism
- schizophrenia
- antiemetic in palliation
*
Aspirin
NSAID: Prostaglandin production inhibition and reduction of TXA2 synthesis by COX-1 inhibition
- analgesic
- anti-platelet
Streptokinase
fibrinolytic: Bind to and activate plasminogen to plasmin
- Acute MI
PE - DVT
Ticagrelor
antiplatelet: ADP (P2Y12) receptor antagonists
* Prevention of atherothrombotic events
Theophylline
methylxanthine: adenosine antagonist
* chronic asthma
Beclometasone
corticosteroid (inhaled)
- Prophylaxis of asthma and allergic rhinitis
Lorazepam
Anxiolytics: Increase GABA activity (inhibitory neurotransmitter)
- anxiety (short term)
- sleep problems (short term)
- conscious sedation
Ondansetron
5HT3 antagonists
- emetogenic (sickness inducing) chemo
- preventative for post opp nausea and vomiting
Carbamazepine
anti-epileptic: sodium channel blocker
- focal and tonic-clonic seizures
- trigeminal neuralgia
- bipolar unresponsive to lithium
- adjunct in alcohol withdrawal
Amoxicillin
peniciilin: inhibit cell wall synthesis
- pneumonia
- acute otitis media
- UTI in pregnancy
Desogestrel
synthetic progestogen
- contraception
Hydrocortisone
systemic corticosteroid
- adrenal insufficiency e.g. addisons or resulting from septic shock
- acute hypersensitivity reactions
- eczema
- severe acute asthma
Alendronic acid
bisphosphonate
- postmenopausal osteoporosis
Vincristine
antimetabolite: vinca alkaloids - Microtubule assembly inhibitor
* Variety of cancers including leukaemias, lymphomas, and some solid tumours (e.g. breast and lung cancer)
Ropivacaine
local anesthetic
- Acute pain, peripheral nerve block
- Acute labour pain (lumbar epidural)
- acute post opp pain
- Surgical anaesthesia for caesarean section
Adalimumab
- TNF-**α* inhibitors
- rhematodi arthirtis
Mycophenolate mofetil
Antiproliferative immunosuppressants
- organ transplantation
Pioglitazone
glitazone: PPAR**γ receptor agonists
* Type 2 diabetes not controlled by metformin alone
Saxagliptin
Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) Inhibitors
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus not controlled by metformin and/or a sulfonylurea with either saxagliptin or dapagliflozin
Codeine phosphate
Anti-motility drugs: Intestinal μ-receptor agonist
- Acute diarrhoea
