Drugs quiz 1

Question 1

alginic acid

Answer 1

Alginate

• Management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Question 2

bendrofumethiazide

Answer 2

thiazide diuretic- Inhibition of Na/Cl co-transporter in distal convoluted tubule

• oedema
• hypertension

Question 3

Ranitidine

Answer 3

Histamine H2 Antagonists

• Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
  
  • Dyspepsia (gastritis, indigestions)
• NSAID-associated duodenal ulcer (also prescrived prophalactically)
• Gastric ulcers

Question 4

Lactulose

Answer 4

Osmotic laxative

• constipation

Question 5

Bisoprolol

Answer 5

class II antiarrhythmic (potassium rectifier)

• Hypertension
• Angina
• Adjunct in heart failure

Question 7

Ramipril

Answer 7

ACE Inhibitors (ACEi): Inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme

• Hypertension
• heart failure
• prophylaxis for MI

Question 8

Alteplase

Answer 8

fibrinolytic

binds to and activate plasmin to plasminogen

• ischaemic stroke
• PE
• MI

Question 9

Spironolactone

Answer 9

aldosterone antagonist: Compete with aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptor

• oedema (in CHF)
• heart failure
• resistant hypertension
  *

Question 10

Adenosine

Answer 10

unclassified antiarrhythmic

Conversion to sinus rhythm of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), including that associated with accessory bypass tracts (Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome)

Question 11

Atropine

Answer 11

Muscarinic antagonist:

• Vagal Bradycardia

Question 12

Diazepam

Answer 12

anxiolytic : increase GABA activity (inhibitor NT)

• anxiety
• status epilepticus and febrile seizures
• muscle spasm

Question 13

Cefalexin

Answer 13

cephalosporin: bactericidal and have the same mode of action as other β-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillins), but are less susceptible to β-lactamases. Cephalosporinsdisrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer forming the bacterial cell wall.

• hospital acquired pneumonia
• UTI and pyelonephritis

Question 14

Clomifene

Answer 14

anti-oestrogen

• Female infertility due to ovulatory dysfunction

Question 15

Metformin

Answer 15

biguanides

Question 16

Betamethasone

Answer 16

corticosteroid

• inflammatory skin conditions e.g. eczema/ psoriasis
  *

Question 17

Celecoxib

Answer 17

NSAID

• Pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis/ rheumatoid

Question 18

Rituximab

Answer 18

B-lymphocyte lytic monoclonal antibody

• RA
• Non-hodjkins lymphoma

Question 19

Bupivacaine

Answer 19

local anaesthetic

prevents depolarization by bindng to the intracellular portion of sodium channels and blocking sodium ion influx into neurons

Question 20

Neostigmine

Answer 20

anticholinesterases : inhibition of cholinesterase, icnreasing time of ACh in the synaptic cleft

• myasthenia gravis

Question 21

Atorvastatin

Answer 21

statin: lipid lowering drug

Inhibit the rate limiting step of the mevalonate pathway (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)

• Primary hypercholesterolaemia in patients who have not responded adequately to diet and other appropriate measures
• Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients at high risk of a first cardiovascular event

Question 22

Aspirin

Answer 22

Antiplatelet Agents: Reduction of TXA2 synthesis by COX-1 inhibition

• secondary prevention of CVD e.g. stroke, TIA
• pain and antipyretic

Question 23

Amlodipine

Answer 23

calcium channel blocker- inhibition of L-type calcium channel

• hypertension

Question 24

Warfarin

Answer 24

vitalmin K atnagonist- vitamin epoxide reductase inhibition

Question 25

Flecainide (1C)

Answer 25

class I antiarrhythmic: Sodium channel blocker

Question 26

Amiloride

Answer 26

potassium sparing diuretic: blocks ENaC at the luminal surface of renal tubule

Question 27

digoxin

Answer 27

antiarrhythmic: inhibition of Na/K ATPAse

• AF or flutter
• HF

Question 28

Vitamin K1

Answer 28

warfarin reversal : Promote production of clotting factors

Question 29

Naloxone

Answer 29

Opioid receptor antagonists

• Overdosage with opioids

Question 30

Sodium Valproate

Answer 30

Anti-epileptic: indirect increase in GABA synthesis

All forms of epilepsy