Drug quiz 3

Question 1

Insulin aspart (Novorapidâ)

Answer 1

rapid acting insulin

Question 2

Soluble insulin (Actrapidâ, Humulin Sâ)

Answer 2

short-acting insulin

Question 3

Insulin degludec, Insulin glargine

Answer 3

long-acting insulins

Question 4

Isophane insulin (NPH)

Answer 4

intermediate-acting

Question 5

Azathioprine

Answer 5

Antiproliferative immunosuppressants

• Crohns
• RA
• suppression for transplant rejection
• eczema

Question 6

Lidocaine

Answer 6

local anaesthetics (sodium channel blocker)

Question 7

Ezetimibe

Answer 7

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors: Cholesterol absorption inhibitors

• hypercholesterolaemia

Question 8

Aminophylline

Answer 8

methylxanthine: adenosine antagonists
* termination of acute bronchospasm secondary to asthma or COPD exacerbation;

Question 9

Domperidone

Answer 9

Antiemetic: D2 Antagonist

• Relief of nausea and vomiting

Question 10

Acetylcysteine

Answer 10

paracetamol overdose: glutathione donation

Question 11

Levetiracetam

Answer 11

anti-epileptic: unclear but preysnaptic calcium blocking activity in part

Question 12

Levodopa (L-DOPA)

Answer 12

Dopamine precursors

• parkinsons

Question 13

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 13

quinolone: interfere with DNA replication

• Very good cover of Gram negative organisms, as well as atypical organisms and Gram positives
• Clinical applications:
  
  • Complicated UTIs
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa cover
  • Gonorrhoea

Question 14

Co-careldopa*,

Answer 14

*contain levodopa and DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor

Co-careldopa is used to treat the main symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It can help with shaking (tremors), slowness and stiffness. These are called “motor” symptoms because they affect the way you move. Co-careldopa is a mixture of the medicines levodopa and carbidopa.

Question 15

Aciclovir

Answer 15

antiviral drug

• herpes simpelx

Question 16

Oseltamivir

Answer 16

antiviral

• prevention of influenza

Question 17

Methotrexate

Answer 17

antimetabolite: dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

• Crohns
• RA
• neoplastic disease

Question 18

Ibuprofen

Answer 18

NSAID: Cyclooxygenase inhibitors – COX-2 inhibitor

• pain
• inflammation

Question 19

Hyoscine hydrobromide

Answer 19

anti-spasmodic : muscarinic receptor antagonist

• motion sickness

Question 20

Bisacodyl

Answer 20

Stimulant laxatives: Enhance gut motility and increase water and electrolyte transfer into the lower gut

Question 21

Metoprolol

Answer 21

class II antiarrythmic

• hypertension
• angina
• arrythmia (AF)

Question 22

Ivabradine

Answer 22

unclassified antiarrythmic

Inhibition of If current in SAN

• angina
• heart failure (not fully managed by B blocker`)

Question 23

Glyceryl trinitrate

Answer 23

nitrate :Soluble guanylyl cyclase activation - elevate cGMP - vasodilation

• angina

Question 24

Apixaban

Answer 24

Direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs): Inhibition of active clotting factor Xa

• venous thromboembolism
  
  • PE
  • DVT

Question 25

Abciximab

Answer 25

antiplatelet agent: Irreversible binding of GPIIb/IIIa receptors

• prevention of cardiac ischemic complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and in patients with unstable angina not responding to conventional medical therapy when percutaneous coronary intervention is planned

Question 26

Simvastatin

Answer 26

statin: Inhibit the rate limiting step of the mevalonate pathway (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)
* Adjunct to diet and exercise in mixed dyslipidaemia,

Question 27

Trimethoprim

Answer 27

Trimethoprim binds to dihydrofolate reductase and inhibits the reduction of dihydrofolic acid (DHF) to tetrahydrofolic acid (THF). THF is an essential precursor in the thymidine synthesis pathway and interference with this pathway inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis.

• UTI
• sometimes: acne and chest infection

Question 28

Levonorgestrel

Answer 28

progestogen

• emergency contraception

Question 29

Hydroxychloroquine

Answer 29

drug to treat RA: increase pH inside macrophage lysosome

Question 30

Cisplatin

Answer 30

antimetabolite chemotherapy: platinum compound- inhibition of DNA replication

• Treatment of testicular, lung, cervical, bladder, head and neck, and ovarian cancer