Drugs 6:29-55 Flashcards
1
Q
doxycycline brand name and uses
A
- Vibramycin
- CAP
- Rickettsiae infection
- Chlamydia trachomatis infection
- Malaria prophylaxis
2
Q
doxycycline dosing
A
- 100 mg daily (malaria)
- 100 mg bid (respiratory)
- prefer empty stomach; food may be needed
3
Q
minocycline brand name and uses
A
- Minocin
- adult respiratory (atypical Mycoplasma pneumoniae)
- skin/skin structure
- ## Rickettsiae infection
4
Q
minocycline dosing
A
- 200 mg x 1, then 100 mg bid
- prefer empty stomach; food may be needed
5
Q
sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim brand name and uses
A
- Bactrim/DS
- acute UTI
- SSTI treatment (CA-MRSA)
- acute otitis media
6
Q
sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim dosing
A
- acute UTI: 1 DS tablet bid x 3 days
- SSTI treatment (CA-MRSA): 1-2 DS tablets bid
- can extend duration prn
- prefer empty stomach with ample H2O
7
Q
nitrofurantoin brand name and uses
A
- Macrobid: acute treatment of UTI
- Macrodantin: suppression of UTI (maintenance)
8
Q
nitrofurantoin dosing
A
- Macrobid: acute treatment of UTI ->100 mg q12h x 5 days
- Macrodantin: suppression of UTI (maintenance) -> 50-100 mg qhs (maintenance)
- take with food
9
Q
fosfomycin brand name and uses
A
- Monurol
- UTI treatment
10
Q
fosfomycin dosing
A
- 3 grams PO once
- dissolve powder in 3-4 oz. of water
11
Q
metronidazole brand name and uses
A
- Flagyl
- Trichomoniasis
- bacterial vaginosis
- intra-abdominal infections
- anaerobic infections
- C. difficile
- Metrogel Vaginal: bacterial vaginosis
12
Q
metronidazole dosing
A
- 500 mg IV/PO q8h + cipro (intraabdominal infection)
- 2 grams PO in 1 or 2 doses (trichomoniasis; sexual partners require treatment for trichomoniasis)
- bacterial vaginosis: 1 applicatorful once or twice x 5 days (daily doses qHS)
- avoid ETOH
13
Q
fidaxomicin brand name and uses
A
- Dificid
- clostridium difficile - associated diarrhea
14
Q
fidaxomicin dosing
A
200 mg bid x 10 days
15
Q
rifampin brand name and uses
A
- Rifampin
- active TB
- osteomyelitis due to CA-MRSA
16
Q
rifampin dosing
A
- active TB: 10 mg/kg/day (max 600 mg daily-adults)
- osteomyelitis due to CA-MRSA: 600 mg/d or 300 mg bid + Bactrim
17
Q
mupirocin brand name and uses
A
- Bactroban; 2% ointment, 2% cream; 1 gram tubes for nasal
- cutaneous impetigo
- nasal MRSA
18
Q
mupirocin dosing
A
- cutaneous impetigo: to affected areas tid
- nasal MRSA: 1/2 tube each nostril bid x 5 days
19
Q
vancomycin brand name and uses
A
- Vancocin
- Capsules: clostridium difficile colitis
- Injection: methicillin-resistant Staph organisms
20
Q
vancomycin dosing
A
- Capsules: clostridium difficile colitis -> 500-2000 mg PO divided tid-qid
- Injection: methicillin-resistant Staph organisms -> 15-20 mg/kg IV (interval based on CrCl); monitor trough concentrations before the 4th dose
21
Q
telavancin brand name and uses
A
- Vibativ
- complicated gram (+) skin/structure infections
22
Q
telavancin dosing
A
- 10 mg/kg over 1 hour q24h
- treat 7-14 days; dose adjust for CrCl < 50 ml/min
23
Q
daptomycin brand name and uses
A
- Cubicin
- SSTI
- MRSA bacteremia
- endocarditis
24
Q
daptomycin dosing
A
- 4 mg/kg IV daily (SSTI)
- 8-10 mg/kg IV daily (bacteremia/endocarditis)
- renally adjust for CrCl < 30 ml/min; monitor CK weekly
25
clindamycin brand name and uses
- Cleocin
| - serious infections (gram (+)/anaerobic) including intra-abd
26
clindamycin dosing
- 150 - 450 mg q6h
- 600 - 2,700 mg/day IV in 2-4 divided doses
- take with ample water
- report diarrhea
27
linezolid brand name and uses
- Zyvox
- SSTIs
- HAP/VAP
28
linezolid dosing
- 600 mg q12h (IV or PO)
- no renal or hepatic adjustments
- monitor CBC weekly
29
fluconazole brand name and uses
- Diflucan
- vaginal candidiasis
- oropharyngeal candidiasis
- esophageal candidiasis
- systemic candidiasis
30
fluconazole dosing
- vaginal candidiasis: 150 mg PO daily x 1 dose
- oropharyngeal candidiasis: 200 mg IV/PO x 1, then 100-200 mg daily
- renally adjust for CrCl < 50 mL/min
31
itraconazole brand name and uses
- Sporanox
- systemic fungal infections
- onychomycosis
32
itraconazole dosing
- 200-400 mg PO daily
| - extended treatment duration generally needed
33
ketoconazole brand name and uses
- Ketoconazole
- systemic fungal infections (including candidiasis)
- recalcitrant cutaneous fungal infections
34
ketoconazole dosing
- 200-400 mg PO daily
| - extended treatment duration generally needed
35
nystatin brand name and uses
- Nystatin (topical)
| - cutaneous / mucocutaneous fungal infection
36
nystatin dosing
- cutaneous / mucocutaneous fungal infection: to affected areas bid - tid
- available in powder, cream, ointment (100k units/g)
37
griseofulvin uses
fungal infections of skin, hair, nails
38
griseofulvin dosing
- 500 - 1000 mg daily or in divided doses (adults)
| - Duration of treatment for skin is 2-8 wks depending on location; nails may require 4-6 months
39
terbinafine brand name and uses
- Lamisil tablets: onychomycosis
| - Lamisil topical: tinea infections
40
terbinafine dosing
- Lamisil tablets: onychomycosis -> 250 mg daily; duration -> 6 weeks (fingernails), 12 weeks (toenails)
- Lamisil topical: tinea infections -> apply daily (cruris, corporis), apply bid (pedis); duration: 7-28d
41
acyclovir brand name and uses
- Zovirax
| - herpes infections
42
acyclovir dosing
- 400 mg TID x 7-10d
- 400 mg bid x 1yr (genital suppression)
- 800 mg 5 times/day x 7-10d (zoster)
- take with ample water
43
valacyclovir brand name and uses
- Valtrex
| - herpes infections
44
valacyclovir dosing
- 1 gram bid x 10d (genital tx)
- 500 - 1000 mg daily (genital suppression)
- 1 gram tid x 7d (zoster)
- take with ample water
45
famcivlovir brand name and uses
- Famvir
| - herpes infections
46
famcivlovir dosing
- 250 mg TID x 7-10d (genital tx)
- 250 mg bid x 1yr (genital suppression)
- 500 mg q8h x 7d (zoster)
- take with ample water
47
oseltamivir brand name and uses
- Tamiflu
- influenza treatment, outpatient
- prophylaxis of influenza within 48 hrs of exposure
48
oseltamivir dosing
- influenza treatment, outpatient: adults: 75 mg bid x 5 days; must be symptomatic <= 2 days for best results
- prophylaxis of influenza within 48 hrs of exposure: > 13 yrs: 75 mg daily x 10 days; can be given for 6 wks if there was a community outbreak
49
spinosad brand name and uses
- Natroba topical
| - head lice infestation
50
spinosad dosing
- apply up to 120 ml to cover hair & scalp
| - for patients >= 6 months, repeat in 7 d if live lice seen
