Drugs 6:1-28 Flashcards
penicillin V potassium brand name and uses
- Veetids
- Pharyngitis
- SSTIs
- endocarditis prophylaxis
penicillin V potassium dosing
- 250-500 mg PO q6-8h
- prefer empty stomach
penicillin G brand name and uses
- Pfizerpen-G
- neurosyphilis
- endocarditis treatment
penicillin G dosing
- Low-med: 12–18 million U/24h IV continuously or in 4-6 equally divided doses
- High: 24 million U/24 h IV either continuously or in 4–6 equally divided doses
- renally adjust for CrCl < 50 mL/min
dicloxacillin uses
staphylococcal infections (SSTIs)
dicloxacillin dosing
- 250-500 mg PO q6h
- prefer empty stomach
nafcillin uses
- endocarditis treatment
- SSTIs
nafcillin dosing
- 2 grams IV q4h
- no renal adjustment needed; hepatically eliminated
amoxicillin brand name and uses
- Amoxil (cap)
- Moxatag (ER tabs)
- Pharyngitis
- otitis media
- SSTIs
- endocarditis prophylaxis
amoxicillin general dosing
- 500 mg q8h to 875 mg q12h on empty stomach
- Moxatag 775 mg ER q24h within 1 hr of finishing a meal
amoxicillin dosing specific to endocarditis prophylaxis
2 grams 30-60 minutes prior to dental procedure
amoxicillin dosing specific to otitis media in child
90 mg/kg divided q8-12h
ampicillin brand name and uses
- Principen
- Respiratory tract infections
- meningitis
- bone/joint infections
- endocarditis prophylaxis and treatment
ampicillin dosing
- 1-2 grams IV q4-6h
- renally adjust for CrCl < 50 mL/min
amoxicillin / clavulanate brand name and uses
- Augmentin
- Augmentin ES-600
- Augmentin XR 1000 mg
- Sinusitis, otitis media, CAP, SSTIs
amoxicillin / clavulanate general dosing (Augmentin)
- low dose: 250 mg q8h
- medium dose: 500 mg q8h - q12h
- high dose: 875 mg q12h
- take at start of a meal
amoxicillin / clavulanate dosing specific to otitis media in child (Augmentin ES-600)
- 90 mg/kg amox divided q12h
- take at start of a meal
amoxicillin / clavulanate dosing specific to sinusitis/community acquired pneumonia (Augmentin XR 1000 mg)
- 2 tablets q12h
- take at start of a meal
ampicillin / sulbactam brand name and uses
- Unasyn
- SSTIs
- CAP
ampicillin / sulbactam dosing
- 1.5-3 grams IV q6h
- renally adjust for CrCl < 30 mL/min
piperacillin / tazobactam brand name and uses
- Zosyn
- Hospital-acquired / ventilator-associated pneumonia
- Severe SSTIs
- intra-abdominal infections
piperacillin / tazobactam dosing
- Hospital-acquired / ventilator-associated pneumonia: traditional -> 4.5 grams IV q6h; extended infusion -> 3.375 grams IV q8h
- Severe SSTIs: traditional -> 3.375 grams IV q6h; extended infusion -> 3.375 grams IV q8h
- renally adjust for CrCl < 40 (traditional) or < 20 mL/min (extended infusion)
cephalexin brand name and uses
- Keflex
- Pharyngitis
- SSTIs
- endocarditits prophylaxis
cephalexin dosing
- 250-1000 mg q6h
- 500 mg q8-12h
- prefer empty stomach
cefazolin brand name and uses
- Ancef
- endocarditis treatment
- SSTI treatment
- surgical prophylaxis
cefazolin dosing
- endocarditis treatment: 2 grams IV q8h -> renally adjust for CrCl < 30 mL/min
- SSTI treatment: 1 gram IV q8h -> renally adjust for CrCl < 55 mL/min
cefuroxime brand name and uses
- Ceftin
- suspension used for child otitis media
- tablets used for adult respiratory / upper respiratory
cefuroxime dosing
- suspension used for child otitis media: > 3 months: 30 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses -> take the suspension with food
- tablets used for adult respiratory / upper respiratory: 250-500 mg q12h OR 500 mg BID for CAP treatment
cefdinir brand name and uses
- Omnicef
- suspension used for child otitis media
- capsules used for adult respiratory / upper respiratory
- Pharyngitis / tonsillitis
cefdinir dosing
- suspension used for child otitis media: 14 mg/kg/day in 1 or 2 doses
- capsules used for adult respiratory / upper respiratory: 300 mg q12h
ceftriaxone brand name and uses
- Rocephin
- UTIs
- gonococcal infections
- meningitis
- CAP
ceftriaxone dosing
- 1-2 grams q12-24h
- no renal adjustment needed; high biliary elimination
- q12h dosing for meningitis and endocarditis caused by enterococcus
cefepime brand name and uses
- Maxipime
- febrile neutropenia
- HAP/VAP
- several nosocomial infections
cefepime dosing
- 2 grams IV q8
- renally adjust for CrCl < 60 mL/min
ceftaroline brand name and uses
- Teflaro
- CAP
- SSTIs
ceftaroline dosing
- 600 mg IV q12h
- renally adjust for CrCl < 50 ml/min
imipenem / cilastatin brand name and uses
- Primaxin
- HAP/VAP
- neutropenic fever
- intra-abdominal infections
imipenem / cilastatin dosing
- 500 mg IV q6h
- 1 gram IV q8h
- renally adjust for CrCl < 90 ml/min
ertapenem brand name and uses
- Invanz
- neutropenic fever
- intra-abdominal infections
ertapenem dosing
- 1 gram IV once daily
- renally adjust for CrCl < 30 ml/min
meropenem brand name and uses
- Merrem
- HAP/VAP
- neutropenic fever
- intra-abdominal infections
meropenem dosing
- 1-2 grams IV q8h
- renally adjust for CrCl < 50 ml/min
erythromycin brand name and uses
- Erythromycin & Ery-Tab
- adult respiratory / upper respiratory
erythromycin dosing
- 250 mg q6h to 500 mg q12h
- take with food
clarithromycin brand name and uses
- Biaxin 250,500 (XL 500)
- adult respiratory / upper respiratory
- COPD exacerbation
clarithromycin dosing
- low dose: 250 mg q12h
- 500 mg q12h or 1000 mg XL q24h
- take XL formulation with food
azithromycin brand name and uses
- Zithromax
- CAP (outpatient)
- Suspension: otitis media in child
- COPD exacerbation
azithromycin dosing
- CAP (outpatient): 500 mg x 1 d, 250 mg x 4 d
- Suspension: otitis media in child -> 10 mg/kg/d x 1d then 5 mg/kg/d x 4d OR 10 mg/kg/d x 3 d OR 30 mg/kg/d x 1 d
telithromycin brand name and uses
- Ketek
- severe adult CAP
telithromycin dosing
- 800 mg daily
- Black box 2007; patient med guide required
ciprofloxacin brand name and uses
- Cipro
- Complicated UTIs
- Gram (-) pneumonia
- intraabdominal infections (with metronidazole)
ciprofloxacin dosing
- 250-500 mg q12h (UTI)
- 500 mg po (or 400 IV) q12h (abdominal)
- 750 mg q12h (respiratory)
- take with ample water
levofloxacin brand name and uses
- Levaquin
- HAP/VAP, CAP
- COPD exacerbation
- Complicated UTIs
levofloxacin dosing
- 250 mg daily (UTI)
- 500-750 mg daily (respiratory)
- 750 mg daily (nosocomial)
- take with ample water
moxifloxacin brand name and uses
- Avelox
- respiratory / upper respiratory
- COPD exacerbation
moxifloxacin dosing
- 400 mg daily
- take with ample water
delafloxacin brand name and uses
- Baxdela
- SSTIs
delafloxacin dosing
- 300 mg IV q12h
- 450 mg PO q12h
- renally adjust for CrCl < 30 ml/min (IV formulation)
- not recommended if CrCl <15 mL/min
tetracycline brand name and uses
- Sumycin
- Atypical pneumonia: Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Rickettsiae infection
- Severe Acne
- Chlamydia trachomatis infection
tetracycline dosing
- 125-500 mg/day (acne)
- 250-500 mg bid - qid (respiratory)
- prefer empty stomach; food may be needed