DNA translation Flashcards
What is the primary function of DNA translation?
To synthesize proteins from messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences.
The molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome is called _______.
transfer RNA (tRNA).
What is the role of ribosomes in translation?
Ribosomes facilitate the binding of tRNA to mRNA and catalyze peptide bond formation.
Which of the following codons signals the start of translation? A) UAA B) AUG C) UAG D) UGA
B) AUG
What is a codon?
A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies an amino acid.
True or False: Each tRNA molecule can carry any amino acid.
False: Each tRNA molecule is specific to one amino acid.
Which part of the tRNA structure is responsible for recognizing the codon on the mRNA?
The anticodon.
What happens during termination of translation?
The ribosome encounters a stop codon, and the completed polypeptide chain is released.
What is the significance of the start codon?
It signals the beginning of the protein coding sequence in mRNA.
True or False: Translation can occur simultaneously with transcription in prokaryotes.
True.
The site on the ribosome where the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain is located is called the _______ site.
P (peptidyl) site.
What is the function of release factors in translation termination?
They recognize stop codons and promote the release of the polypeptide chain.
Fill in the blank: The process by which mRNA is synthesized from DNA is known as _______.
transcription.
What is a genetic mutation?
A genetic mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.
True or False: All genetic mutations are harmful.
False
Fill in the blank: A _____ mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
point
Which type of mutation results in the insertion or deletion of nucleotides?
Frameshift mutation
What are silent mutations?
Silent mutations are mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.
