7.2 Flashcards
What is an enzyme?
Proteins that help chemical reactions occur at a faster rate by lowering the energy needed
Catalyst
A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction
Chemical Reaction
Process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy that is required to activate atoms or molecules
Substrate
The substance on which an enzyme acts
Active Site
Where substrate fits into enzyme
Properties of enzymes
- Reaction specific- each enzyme= specific substrate
- Not consumed in reaction- Single enzyme= lots of reaction
- Made of proteins (sometimes RNA)
- Affected by cellular conditions- denaturation by certain temperatures or pH
What happens when temperature is higher than the optimal temperature?
Enzyme starts to denaturate
What happens when temperature is slower than the optimal temperature?
The molecules move too slow and reaction rate goes down because there are less successful collisions.
What is the relationship between substrate concentration and reaction rate?
When there are more substrates there are more successful collisions, but eventually there will be more substrates than enzymes and reaction rate will stay stable.
What is the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate
More enzymes= more successful collisions
Too many enzymes= not enough substrates to bond to so therefore reaction rate stays the same
What do activators do?
They change the shape or maintain of the enzyme to allow the substrate to bond?
What do inhibitors do?
They reduce enzyme activity
Noncompetitive inhibitors
Do not bond at active site
