diverstiy unit test Flashcards
morphological
body shape, size etc. whether similar organisms represent different species
Advantages and disadvantages of morphological
advantages
simple to use
disadvantages
hard to decide if the difference is too much
biological
based on weather 2 organisms can have fertile and viable offspring
advantages and disadvantages of biological
advantages
wildly used in science
disadvantage
cannot be applied in all cases
phylogenetic
examine the evolutionary history of organisms
advantages and disadvantages of phylogenetic
advantage
able to incorporate DNA evidence
disadvantage
evolutionary history is not known for all species
taxonomy
identifies, names and classifies species based on features
binomial nomenclature
2 Latin names for each species
taxonomy categories
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what domains are archebacteria and eubacteria
archebacteria - archaea
eubacteria - bacteria
what domain is protista,fungi,plantea and animalia apart of
Eukraya
eukaryotic vs prokaryotic
eukaryotic
cells with a true nucleus
prokaryotic
genetic material is free-floating in the cell
viruses
small, non-cellular particles that don’t embody the characteristics of living things
what are viruses composed of
nucleic acids, RNA and DNA and enclosed in a protein coat called capsid
lytic VS lysogenic
lytic
virus replicates quickly and destroys the host cell
lysogenic
provirus DNA attaches to the chromosome to replicate and pass through generations without harming the host cell
activated by nutrient changes to cause the lytic cycle
antibiotics
substances that inhibit the growth of microorganisms
DOESN’T destroy viruses
vaccines
liquid weakened or dead viruses/bacterial cells that stimulate the immune system
bacteria characteristics
unicellular
prokaryotic
no membrane around organelles
reproduce asexually
clumped circular bacteria
staphylococci
extremophiles and mesophiles
extremophiles
able to live in extreme conditions
mesophile
able to live in moderate conditions
3 types of extremophiles
thermophiles
able to live in extreme heat
acidophiles
can live in acidic conditions
halophiles
live in extremely salty water
binary fission
copy the chromosomes
cell elongates
cell build septum between them splits into 2 identical cells
conjunction and plasmids
one cell links to another through pusil
genetic info is exchanged
binary fission occurs
gram +
gram -
gram +
thick protein layer on the cell wall
stains purple
gram -
thin protein layer on the cell wall
stains pink
hetrothroph VS autotroph
heterotroph
consumes other organisms
autotroph
produces its food
animal-like
consumes other organisms for food
contain digesting vacuoles
some can be parasites
fungi-like
absorbs nutrients from other organisms living or dead
plant-like
makes food by photosynthesis
consumes others if there is no light
parasitic
absorbs nutrients from host living cells
mutualists
gets nutrients from beneficial partnerships
structure of fungi
hyphae packed together
branch out into mycelia that help absorb nutrients
fruiting body
spores producing reproductive structure in fungi
hyphae
multicellular thread
predatory
mycelia can trap prey
seprobial
feed on dead organisms and organic waste
fungi’s impact on humans
helps suppress the immune system from rejecting transplanted organs
can deform potatoes so they can’t be sold
characteristics of animal kingdoms
eukaryotic
heterotrophs
they can move around and reproduce sexually
radical symmetry
body plan that dived through the central axis into to roughly equal haves
bilateral symmetry
body plan that dived through the central axis into to equal haves
internal fertilization
egg and sperm are combined in the females
external fertilization
gametes are combined outside of the body
