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anthropolgy Flashcards

1
Q

what is Ethnology

A

the study of origins and cultures of different races and people

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2
Q

what is archeology

A

the study of the past they examine the physical remains of past cultures to learn more about them

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3
Q

what is prehistoric archeology

unwirtten past

A

the study of unwritten work from the past and finding out how people lived during that time

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4
Q

what is archeology and history

supplement

A

supplement an existing historical record by telling us about the daily lives of people who may not have written their history

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5
Q

what is linguistic anthropology

A

the study of human language and how it affects and express culture

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6
Q

what is historical linguistics

comparing

A

comparing similarities and differences of language structures and understanding how it is related

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7
Q

what is structural linguistics

sounds??!?!?

A

the study of how sounds are put together to make meaning Noam Chomsky is known for developing the theory of universal grammar

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8
Q

what is Sociolinguistics

status

A

how people use their language within their culture to express status and context

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9
Q

what is cultural relativism according to Franz Boas

A

he stated that anthropologists cannot compare 2 cultures becuase they are different and must be accepted

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10
Q

what is functional theory? what did Bronislaw Malinoski think?

A

the theory that every action, belief or relationship in a cultural function meets the needs of individuals
Bronislaw Malinoski felt that you could compare 2 cultures objectively

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11
Q

what is cultural materialism?

A

Karl Marx, materials or conditions within an environment influenced how culture develops and that culture is developed on a trail-error basis

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12
Q

what is feminist anthropology? what did Ernestine Friedl conclude about it?

A

the study of comparing cultures and how many are male-dominant and female-dominant Ernestine Friedl concluded that in forger societies the amount of freedoms is tired to their contributions

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13
Q

what is postmordernism

true knowledge

A

this theory rejects the idea of objective truth and that it is impossible le to have any “true” knowledge of the world

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14
Q

what is primatology

A

the study of how people and other primates can share many characteristics and how similar they can be

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15
Q

what did Jane Goodall do

A

she went to Tanzania to study chimpanzees and found they were the most similar to humans as they have larger brain, grasping hands and forward facing eyes

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16
Q

what is Paleoanthropology Archeology

no evidence

A

the study is based on human ancestors with no evidence from a distant evolutionary past

17
Q

what did Donald Johnson find

A

he found a skeleton in Ethiopia that was almost half complete he named her Lucy and found her to be a member of a family from 3.2 million years ago

18
Q

what is forensic anthropology

A

identifying human remains after mass disasters they can look at bones and discover who that person was

19
Q

what is human variation?

A

the study of genetic differences of people and populations to understand the differences between people

20
Q

what is Darwinism

A

3 princicplas that involve natural selection, variation, heritability and environmental fitness.

21
Q

what is subjective

A

conclusions based on a person’s cultural and personal perspective feelings and beliefs

22
Q

what is objective

A

conclusions based on facts and data uninfluenced by personal perspectives, prejudices and emotions

23
Q

what is reflectivity

A

the process of reflecting on your own worldview, basis and the impact on the culture you are studying

24
Q

what are interviews

A

this is an important tool it helps them understand the culture they are studying and obtain valuable information

25
Q

what is an unstructured research tool

anthropologist and informant

A

between an anthropologist and an informant allowing them to construct their initial idea can lead to a greater understanding and provide new directions to emerge

26
Q

what is a structured research tool

A

this is an interview that uses a set list of questions that do not change and should be used only when the researcher is very clear on the topic

27
Q

what is a semi-structured research tool

A

often used when the anthropologist is only staying in the community for a few weeks and needs to use their time effectively they end up with reliable data

28
Q

how culture influences identity and gender identity

A

identified by what people do, make and believe it affects gender identity because of its distinctions of how human societies vary on how much males and females perceive each other

29
Q

how technology influences behaviour and culture

A

technology influences culture by having to adapt to their environment by using technology

30
Q

how climate influences behaviour and culture

A

the way humans have to physically adapt to their environment cultural anthropologists look at how weather is understood in different cultures

31
Q

how can family influence behaviour and culture

A

family can be a life-defining institution because they have such an influence on how people act and is based on what families view as normal

32
Q

define culture

A

a total system of ideas, values, behavior and attitude of a society commonly shared

33
Q

define Assimilation

A

when someone of ethical background is absorbed into the dominant culture of a society

34
Q

define diffusion

A

understanding the distribution of how a culture is spread from one society to another

35
Q

define Acculturation

A

the meeting of two cultural groups resulting in cultural changes

36
Q

define multiculturalism

A

an ideology that all cultures are equal and should be promoted the same way

37
Q

define kinship

A

the relationship between 2 or more people based on ancestry, marriage or adoption

38
Q
A

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