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P/S > Disorders > Flashcards

Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Mental Disorders

A
  • disorders of the mind.
  • Mental Illness, psychological/psychiatric illness.
  • Abnormalities of the mind that cause distress or disability. Sometimes can shorten someone’s lifespan (suicide or other negative effects)
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2
Q

Distress

A
  • is a negative type of stress that builds over time and is bad for your body.
  • It happens when you perceive a situation to be threatening to you some way (physically or emotionally) and your body becomes primed to respond to the threat.
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3
Q

Eutress

A
  • is a positive type of stress that happens when you perceive a situation as challenging, but motivating.
  • Eustress is usually enjoyable!
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4
Q

Neustress

A
  • is a neutral type of stress.
  • Neustress happens when you are exposed to something stressful, but it doesn’t actively or directly affect you.
  • For example: news about a natural disaster on the other side of the world may be very stressful, but your body doesn’t perceive that stress as good or bad for you so you aren’t affected.
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5
Q

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A
  • disability due to abnormality in development of nervous system.
  • Includes intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and ADHD.
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6
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A
  • issues related to social and communication abilities
  • first symptoms of the disorder typically include delayed language development and unusual communication patterns.
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7
Q

Neurocognitive Disorders

A
  • Loss of cognitive/other functions of the brain after nervous system has developed.
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8
Q

Delirium Disorder

A
  • an inability to pay attention, disorientation, an inability to think clearly, and fluctuations in the level of alertness
  • Many causes:
    1. Drugs
    2. Abnormalities in blood
    3. Infections
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9
Q

Social Anxiety disorder

A
  • a false cognition leads to a fear of humiliation, embarrasment, or rejection by others.
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10
Q

Selective Mutism

A
  • is an anxiety disorder characterized by difficulty speaking in social situations, but the individual is normal in terms of their language and communication ability.
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11
Q

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

A
  • disability form the abnormal use of substances that affect mental function.
  • Includes:
    1. Alcohol
    2. Caffeine
    3. Cannabis
    4. Hallucinogens
    5. Inhalants
    6. Opioids
    7. Sedatives
    8. Hypnotics
    9. Anxiolytics
    10. Stimulants
    11. Tobacco
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12
Q

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

A
  • disability from behaviors that are unacceptably disruptive or impulsive for someone’s culture.
  • Inability to control inappropriate behaviours
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13
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • takes in insufficient amounts of food
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14
Q

Bulimia

A
  • binge eating then purging (induced vomiting)
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15
Q

Elimination Disorders

A
  • disability from urination/defecation at inappropriate times or places.
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16
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A
  • disability from abnormalities of identity or memory.
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17
Q

Sexual Dysfunctions

A
  • disability from abnormalities in or performance of sexual activity.
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18
Q

Gender Dysphoria

A
  • disability caused by person identifying as a different gender than society represents them as.
  • Must cause distress/disability.
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19
Q

Paraphilic Disorders

A
  • disability from having sexual arousal to unusual stimuli for a person’s culture.
  • Must cause distress/disability or if causes harm to another person, particularly people or a child who does not have decision making capacity for proper consent.
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20
Q

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A
  • is a mental health disorder that can cause above-normal levels of hyperactive and impulsive behaviors.
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21
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • Combination of genetics and environmental cause abnormalities in the brain.
  • These abnormalities in the brain can be picked up by abnormal brain scans and neurotransmitters (high dopamine).
  • Antipsychotic medicines reduce dopamine.
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22
Q

Schizophrenia: Positive Symptom: Hallucinations

A
  • sensory perceptions w/o stimuli like hearing or seeing not there.
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23
Q

Schizophrenia: Positive Symptom: Delusions

A
  • false fixed beliefs not explainable by a person’s culture.
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24
Q

Types of Delusions: Persecution

A
  • Belief that others, often a vague “they,” are out to get him or her.
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25
Q

Types of Delusions: Reference

A
  • A neutral environmental event is believed to have a special and personal meaning.
  • For example, a person with schizophrenia might believe a billboard or a person on TV is sending a message meant specifically for them.
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26
Q

Types of Delusions: Grandeur

A
  • Belief that one is a famous or important figure, such as Jesus Christ or Napolean.
  • Alternately, delusions of grandeur may involve the belief that one has unusual powers that no one else has (e.g. the ability to fly).
27
Q

Types of Delusions: Control

A
  • Belief that one’s thoughts or actions are being controlled by outside, alien forces.
28
Q

Schizophrenia: Cognitive Symptoms

A
  • abnormalities of attention, organization, planning abilities.
29
Q

Schizophrenia: Negative Symptoms

A
  • blunted emotions.
30
Q

Negative Symptoms: Lack of Emotional Expression

A
  • Inexpressive face, including a flat voice, lack of eye contact, and blank or restricted facial expressions.
31
Q

Negative Symptoms: Lack of Interest or Enthusiasm

A
  • Problems with motivation; lack of self-care.
32
Q

Catatonic Schizophrenia

A
  • is a type of schizophrenia that includes extremes of behavior.
  • At one end of the extreme the patient cannot speak, move or respond - there is a dramatic reduction in activity where virtually all movement stops, as in a catatonic
33
Q

Depression

A
  • is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest
34
Q

Depression: Medications

A
  • Medications that affect serotonin, NE, and dopamine often improve symptoms.
  • Example:
    1. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: increase amount of monoamines in synapse (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and melatonin.
35
Q

Hypomania

A
  • mild forms of mania is sometimes not that bad.
  • Lots of energy and don’t need to sleep a lot so you get lots of work done.
  • You also feel good. Creativity. Results in mania at times, but sometimes does not develop into a mania.
36
Q

Bipolar I disorder

A
  • when hypomania becomes manic w/ or w/o major depressive disorder
37
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A
  • when it remains hypomania + one major depressive episode
  • An individual diagnosed with bipolar II has never had a manic episode.
38
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A
  • describes a person whose general state is tense and uneasy to a degree it influences their life (don’t eat well or are sleep deprived for example). This anxiety must last for 6 months or more.
39
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): Symptoms

A
  • Twitching eyelids
  • Trembling
  • Fidgeting
40
Q

Panic Disorders

A
  • Sudden burst of sheer panic and intense fear.
  • “Panic attacks” – sudden, intense. Might be in response to any stimuli.
  • Heart palpitations, sweating, chest pain or shortness of breath.
41
Q

Phobias

A
  • irrationally afraid of specific objects or specific situation. Focused anxiety.
42
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A
  • Obsessions: Unwanted repetitive thoughts
  • Compulsions: Unwanted repetitive actions
  • These obsessions and compulsions persistently interfere with everyday life.
  • Example: Continuously watching your hands through multiple times throughout the day to the point your skin becomes rock.
43
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A
  • When a person have lingering memories and nightmares about a past event that it impact them in daily life (haunting/bad memories/repeated nightmares) Includes physical symptoms like insomnia
44
Q

Multiple Personality Disorder

A
  • Two or more distinct personalities exist in a single body. Both identity have influence on persons thoughts and behaviors
45
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A
  • mental disorders manifesting in physical (somatic) symptoms.
  • Can be any symptom. Wrist pain or general feeling of fatigue
46
Q

Conversion Disorder

A
  • Must look like Neurological symptoms only – like problems with speech, swallowing, seizures, paralysis
47
Q

Factitious Disorder

A
  • Patients want to be sick. The patient will falsify or disease their signs or symptoms to get a diagnosis/treatment.
  • Example: They might injure themselves, falsify tests. This is often called Munchausen’s syndrome.
48
Q

Cluster A

A
  • has three personality disorders
  • Acronym: PSS: Psych & Sociology Section
49
Q

Cluster A: Paranoid

A
  • profound distrust + suspicion of other people. [paranoid of others]
50
Q

Cluster A: Schizoid

A
  • emotionally detached in relationships and shows little emotion. (what people sometimes incorrectly consider as antisocial)
  • [DISTANT, can spell as DiZtant. D and Z in schizoid and D and Z in distant]
51
Q

Cluster A: Schizotypal

A
  • odd beliefs/ magical thinking (t in typical = think of magical hat)
52
Q

Cluster B

A
  • has four personality disorders
  • Acronym including B and C clusters: ABHNADO
53
Q

Cluster B: Antisocial

A
  • little or no regard for others. Commit crimes and show no remorse. Inconsiderate of others. [Self-explanatory. Hates/ANTI society]
54
Q

Cluster B: Borderline

A
  • Unstable relationships, emotions are unstable, variable self-image and compulsive (which can put them in danger).
  • People at the borderline are at the brink of an emotional/relationship issue.
  • Example: Displays characteristics of a stereotypical teenager. [acronym: 13 year old Borderline Brenda]
55
Q

Cluster B: Histrionic

A
  • Are very attention seeking.
  • Display emotions outwardly, wear bright clothes.
  • Example: [H for Hollywood Actresses]
56
Q

Cluster B: Narcissistic

A
  • huge egos, need for admiration and praise, grandiose.
  • Example: Dr. House (in TV show House…House is a show that is on Netflix), Hitler, his documentary is also on Netflix
57
Q

Cluster C

A
  • has three personality disorders (ADO)
58
Q

Cluster C: Avoidant

A
  • inhibited, feel inadequate and try to avoid putting themselves in a situation where they can be criticized. [self-explanatory]
59
Q

Cluster C: Dependent

A
  • submissive and clingy.
  • Example: Those who stay in physically abusive relationships, [imagine: Dependent Debby clings and is submissive to her husband Dan)
60
Q

Cluster C: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A
  • Very focused on life being ordered and things being perfect and for them being in control to an extent where it annoys other people.
61
Q

Central Sleep Apnea

A
  • central (brain is part of CNS)), sleep (at night), apnea (effects airflow).
62
Q

Cheynes-Stroke Breathing

A
  • crescendo then decrescendo breathing followed by stop in breathing. Normal breathing pattern is inhale/exhale changes from a normal fixed pattern.
63
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A
  • when airways are obstructed. Soft tissues around our neck can relax at night and potentially cause obstruction of airflow for a short period of time. Gets worse as people get older
64
Q

Hypoventilation Disorder

A
  • When we are not able to ventilate our lungs fully and remove all CO2.
  • Results in a buildup of CO2, and a decrease in O2.
  • Can occur due to medications that repress respiratory functions (narcotic pain killers such as opioids) or if there is a problem with the lungs or chest wall.
  • A common occurrence is due to obesity.

P/S (22 decks)

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