Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Mental Disorders
A
- disorders of the mind.
- Mental Illness, psychological/psychiatric illness.
- Abnormalities of the mind that cause distress or disability. Sometimes can shorten someone’s lifespan (suicide or other negative effects)
2
Q
Distress
A
- is a negative type of stress that builds over time and is bad for your body.
- It happens when you perceive a situation to be threatening to you some way (physically or emotionally) and your body becomes primed to respond to the threat.
3
Q
Eutress
A
- is a positive type of stress that happens when you perceive a situation as challenging, but motivating.
- Eustress is usually enjoyable!
4
Q
Neustress
A
- is a neutral type of stress.
- Neustress happens when you are exposed to something stressful, but it doesn’t actively or directly affect you.
- For example: news about a natural disaster on the other side of the world may be very stressful, but your body doesn’t perceive that stress as good or bad for you so you aren’t affected.
5
Q
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
A
- disability due to abnormality in development of nervous system.
- Includes intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and ADHD.
6
Q
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A
- issues related to social and communication abilities
- first symptoms of the disorder typically include delayed language development and unusual communication patterns.
7
Q
Neurocognitive Disorders
A
- Loss of cognitive/other functions of the brain after nervous system has developed.
8
Q
Delirium Disorder
A
- an inability to pay attention, disorientation, an inability to think clearly, and fluctuations in the level of alertness
- Many causes:
1. Drugs
2. Abnormalities in blood
3. Infections
9
Q
Social Anxiety disorder
A
- a false cognition leads to a fear of humiliation, embarrasment, or rejection by others.
10
Q
Selective Mutism
A
- is an anxiety disorder characterized by difficulty speaking in social situations, but the individual is normal in terms of their language and communication ability.
11
Q
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
A
- disability form the abnormal use of substances that affect mental function.
- Includes:
1. Alcohol
2. Caffeine
3. Cannabis
4. Hallucinogens
5. Inhalants
6. Opioids
7. Sedatives
8. Hypnotics
9. Anxiolytics
10. Stimulants
11. Tobacco
12
Q
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
A
- disability from behaviors that are unacceptably disruptive or impulsive for someone’s culture.
- Inability to control inappropriate behaviours
13
Q
Anorexia Nervosa
A
- takes in insufficient amounts of food
14
Q
Bulimia
A
- binge eating then purging (induced vomiting)
15
Q
Elimination Disorders
A
- disability from urination/defecation at inappropriate times or places.
16
Q
Dissociative Disorders
A
- disability from abnormalities of identity or memory.
17
Q
Sexual Dysfunctions
A
- disability from abnormalities in or performance of sexual activity.
18
Q
Gender Dysphoria
A
- disability caused by person identifying as a different gender than society represents them as.
- Must cause distress/disability.
19
Q
Paraphilic Disorders
A
- disability from having sexual arousal to unusual stimuli for a person’s culture.
- Must cause distress/disability or if causes harm to another person, particularly people or a child who does not have decision making capacity for proper consent.
20
Q
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A
- is a mental health disorder that can cause above-normal levels of hyperactive and impulsive behaviors.
21
Q
Schizophrenia
A
- Combination of genetics and environmental cause abnormalities in the brain.
- These abnormalities in the brain can be picked up by abnormal brain scans and neurotransmitters (high dopamine).
- Antipsychotic medicines reduce dopamine.
22
Q
Schizophrenia: Positive Symptom: Hallucinations
A
- sensory perceptions w/o stimuli like hearing or seeing not there.
23
Q
Schizophrenia: Positive Symptom: Delusions
A
- false fixed beliefs not explainable by a person’s culture.
24
Q
Types of Delusions: Persecution
A
- Belief that others, often a vague “they,” are out to get him or her.
25
Types of Delusions: Reference
* A neutral environmental event is believed to have a special and personal meaning.
* For example, a person with schizophrenia might believe a billboard or a person on TV is sending a message meant specifically for them.
26
Types of Delusions: Grandeur
* Belief that one is a famous or important figure, such as Jesus Christ or Napolean.
* Alternately, delusions of grandeur may involve the belief that one has unusual powers that no one else has (e.g. the ability to fly).
27
Types of Delusions: Control
* Belief that one’s thoughts or actions are being controlled by outside, alien forces.
28
Schizophrenia: Cognitive Symptoms
* abnormalities of attention, organization, planning abilities.
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Schizophrenia: Negative Symptoms
* blunted emotions.
30
Negative Symptoms: Lack of Emotional Expression
* Inexpressive face, including a flat voice, lack of eye contact, and blank or restricted facial expressions.
31
Negative Symptoms: Lack of Interest or Enthusiasm
* Problems with motivation; lack of self-care.
32
Catatonic Schizophrenia
* is a type of schizophrenia that includes extremes of behavior.
* At one end of the extreme the patient cannot speak, move or respond - there is a dramatic reduction in activity where virtually all movement stops, as in a catatonic
33
Depression
* is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest
34
Depression: Medications
* Medications that affect serotonin, NE, and dopamine often improve symptoms.
* Example:
1. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: increase amount of monoamines in synapse (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and melatonin.
35
Hypomania
* mild forms of mania is sometimes not that bad.
* Lots of energy and don’t need to sleep a lot so you get lots of work done.
* You also feel good. Creativity. Results in mania at times, but sometimes does not develop into a mania.
36
Bipolar I disorder
* when hypomania becomes manic w/ or w/o major depressive disorder
37
Bipolar II Disorder
* when it remains hypomania + one major depressive episode
* An individual diagnosed with bipolar II has never had a manic episode.
38
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
* describes a person whose general state is tense and uneasy to a degree it influences their life (don’t eat well or are sleep deprived for example). This anxiety must last for 6 months or more.
39
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): Symptoms
* Twitching eyelids
* Trembling
* Fidgeting
40
Panic Disorders
* Sudden burst of sheer panic and intense fear.
* “Panic attacks” – sudden, intense. Might be in response to any stimuli.
* Heart palpitations, sweating, chest pain or shortness of breath.
41
Phobias
* irrationally afraid of specific objects or specific situation. Focused anxiety.
42
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
* Obsessions: Unwanted repetitive thoughts
* Compulsions: Unwanted repetitive actions
* These obsessions and compulsions persistently interfere with everyday life.
* Example: Continuously watching your hands through multiple times throughout the day to the point your skin becomes rock.
43
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
* When a person have lingering memories and nightmares about a past event that it impact them in daily life (haunting/bad memories/repeated nightmares) Includes physical symptoms like insomnia
44
Multiple Personality Disorder
* Two or more distinct personalities exist in a single body. Both identity have influence on persons thoughts and behaviors
45
Somatic Symptom Disorder
* mental disorders manifesting in physical (somatic) symptoms.
* Can be any symptom. Wrist pain or general feeling of fatigue
46
Conversion Disorder
* Must look like Neurological symptoms only – like problems with speech, swallowing, seizures, paralysis
47
Factitious Disorder
* Patients want to be sick. The patient will falsify or disease their signs or symptoms to get a diagnosis/treatment.
* Example: They might injure themselves, falsify tests. This is often called Munchausen’s syndrome.
48
Cluster A
* has three personality disorders
* Acronym: PSS: **P**sych & **S**ociology **S**ection
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Cluster A: Paranoid
* profound distrust + suspicion of other people. [paranoid of others]
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Cluster A: Schizoid
* emotionally detached in relationships and shows little emotion. (what people sometimes incorrectly consider as antisocial)
* [DISTANT, can spell as DiZtant. D and Z in schizoid and D and Z in distant]
51
Cluster A: Schizotypal
* odd beliefs/ magical thinking (t in typical = think of magical hat)
52
Cluster B
* has four personality disorders
* Acronym including B and C clusters: ABHNADO
53
Cluster B: Antisocial
* little or no regard for others. Commit crimes and show no remorse. Inconsiderate of others. [Self-explanatory. Hates/ANTI society]
54
Cluster B: **Borderline**
* Unstable relationships, emotions are unstable, variable self-image and compulsive (which can put them in danger).
* People at the borderline are at the brink of an emotional/relationship issue.
* Example: Displays characteristics of a stereotypical teenager. [acronym: 13 year old Borderline Brenda]
55
Cluster B: Histrionic
* Are very attention seeking.
* Display emotions outwardly, wear bright clothes.
* Example: [H for Hollywood Actresses]
56
Cluster B: Narcissistic
* huge egos, need for admiration and praise, grandiose.
* Example: Dr. House (in TV show House...House is a show that is on Netflix), Hitler, his documentary is also on Netflix
57
Cluster C
* has three personality disorders (ADO)
58
Cluster C: Avoidant
* inhibited, feel inadequate and try to avoid putting themselves in a situation where they can be criticized. [self-explanatory]
59
Cluster C: Dependent
* submissive and clingy.
* Example: Those who stay in physically abusive relationships, [imagine: Dependent Debby clings and is submissive to her husband Dan)
60
Cluster C: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
* Very focused on life being ordered and things being perfect and for them being in control to an extent where it annoys other people.
61
Central Sleep Apnea
* central (brain is part of CNS)), sleep (at night), apnea (effects airflow).
62
Cheynes-Stroke Breathing
* crescendo then decrescendo breathing followed by stop in breathing. Normal breathing pattern is inhale/exhale changes from a normal fixed pattern.
63
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
* when airways are obstructed. Soft tissues around our neck can relax at night and potentially cause obstruction of airflow for a short period of time. Gets worse as people get older
64
Hypoventilation Disorder
* When we are not able to ventilate our lungs fully and remove all CO2.
* Results in a buildup of CO2, and a decrease in O2.
* Can occur due to medications that repress respiratory functions (narcotic pain killers such as opioids) or if there is a problem with the lungs or chest wall.
* A common occurrence is due to obesity.
