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Neuro AM > Diseases of spinal cord and nerve roots > Flashcards

Diseases of spinal cord and nerve roots Flashcards

1
Q

What spinal level supplies the elbow flexors?

A

C5

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2
Q

What spinal level supplies the wrist extensors?

A

C6

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3
Q

What spinal level supplies the elbow extensors?

A

C7

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4
Q

What spinal level supplies the finger extensors?

A

C8

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5
Q

What spinal level supplies the intrinsic hand muscles?

A

T1

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6
Q

What spinal level supplies the hip flexors?

A

L2

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7
Q

What spinal level supplies the knee extensors?

A

L3

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8
Q

What spinal level supplies the ankle dorsiflexors?

A

L4

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9
Q

What spinal level supplies the long toe extensors?

A

L5

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10
Q

What spinal level supplies the ankle plantar flexors?

A

S1

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11
Q

Upper vs lower motor neurone lesion= weakness

A 
Upper= present
L= present
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12
Q

Upper vs lower motor neurone lesion= atrophy

A 
u= absent
l= present
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13
Q

Upper vs lower motor neurone lesion= reflexes

A 
U= increased
L= decreased
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14
Q

Upper vs lower motor neurone lesion= tone

A 
U= increased
L= decreased
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15
Q

Upper vs lower motor neurone lesion= fasciculation

A 
U= absent
L= present
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16
Q

Upper vs lower motor neurone lesion= Babinski

A 
U= present
L= absent
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17
Q

What is the Babinski sign?

A

When sole of foot stimulated with blunt instrument, there is abnormal upward movement of the big toe

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of a C6 spinal cord lesion?

A 
Weakness below lesion
Sensory level at C6
Increased tone in legs
Brisk reflexes 
Babinski sign positive
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19
Q

What are the symptoms of an L4 nerve root radiculopathy?

A

Pain down ipsilateral side
Numbness in L4 dermatome
Weakness in ankle dorsiflexion
Reduced knee jerk

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20
Q

What is a myelopathy?

A

spinal cord lesion

21
Q

What is a radiculopathy?

A

Nerve root lesion

22
Q

What is a disc prolapse?

A

Acute herniation of intervertebral disc casing compression of spinal roots or spinal cord

23
Q

What is the presentation of a disc prolapse?

A

Acute pain down arm/leg

Numbness and weakness in region of nerve root involved

24
Q

What is the management of a disc prolapse?

A

Rehab
Nerve root inject
Discectomy

25
Q

What are the red flags pointing to caudal edina syndrome?

A

Bilateral sciatica
Saddle anaesthesia
Urinary dysfunction

26
Q

What is the management of caudal equine syndrome?

A

Urgent MRI

Emergency lumbar discectomy

27
Q

What causes degenerative spinal problems?

A

Disc prolapsy
Ligamentum hypertophy
Osteocyte formation

28
Q

What are the types of degenerative spinal problems?

A

Myelopahy

Radiculopathy

29
Q

What is cervical spondolysis?

A

Degenerative change in C spine leading to spine and nerve root compression

30
Q

What is the presentation of cervial spondolysis?

A

Myelopathy, radiculopathy or both

Onset over months to years

31
Q

What is the management of cervical spondolysis?

A

Conservative if mild

Surgery if moderate to severe

32
Q

What are the symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis?

A

Pain down both legs, which is worse when walking/standing

33
Q

How is lumbar spinal stenosis managed?

A

Lumbar laminectomy

34
Q

What are the types of spinal tumours?

A

Intramedullary
Intradural
Extradural

35
Q

What are the types of intramedullary spinal tumour?

A

Astocytoma
Ependyoma
Teratoma
Haemangioblastoma

36
Q

What are the types of intradural spinal tumour?

A

Meningioma
Neurofibroma
Lipoma

37
Q

What are the types of extradural spina tumour?

A

Metastatic

Bone tumour

38
Q

What are the common metastases to the spinal cord?

A

Lung
Breast
Prostate

39
Q

What is the presentation of malignant cord compression?

A

Pain
Weakness
Sphincter disturbance

40
Q

What is the management of malignant cord compression?

A

Urgent MRI for back pain in known cancers

Surgical decompression and radiotherapy

41
Q

What is spinal osteomyelitis?

A

Infection within the vertebral body

42
Q

What are the risk factors for osteomyelitis?

A 
IV drug abuse
Alcoholism
Diabetes
Chronic renal failure
AIDs
43
Q

What is the management of osteomyelitis?

A

Antibiotics

Surgery if required

44
Q

What is discitis?

A

Infection of intervertebral disc

45
Q

What is an epidural abscess?

A

Infection of the epidural space

46
Q

What is the presentation of epidural abscess?

A

Back pain
Pyrexia
Focal neurology

47
Q

What are the risk factors for an epidural abscess?

A

IV drug abuse
Diabetes
Chronic renal failure
Alcoholism

48
Q

What organisms can cause an epidural abscess?

A

Straph aureus
Strep
E coli

49
Q

What is the management of an epidural abscess?

A

Urgent surgical decompression

Long term IV antibiotics

Neuro AM (38 decks)

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