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Neuro AM > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

12 pairs of nerves emerging from the cranium

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2
Q

What are the reasons for compression of the cranial nerves?

A

Inflammation, tumours, fractures

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3
Q

What type of fibres may cranial nerves contain?

A 
Somatic motor
Visceral motor
Visceral sensory
General sensory 
Special sensory
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4
Q

What do somatic motor fibres supply?

A

Striated muscle

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5
Q

What do visceral motor fibres supply?

A

Smooth muscle and glands

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6
Q

What do visceral sensory fibres receive information from?

A

Unconcious afferent inputs

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7
Q

What do general sensory fibres receive information from?

A

Afferent inputs from skin and mucous membranes

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8
Q

What do special sensory fibres do?

A

Taste, smell, vision and balance

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9
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory nerve

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10
Q

What type of fibres are in the olfactory nerve?

A

Special sensory for smell

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11
Q

What is the pathway of the olfactory nerve?

A

Receptors in the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity
Olfactory nerve fibres pass through th foraminifera in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and enter olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa

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12
Q

What may tear the olfactory nerves and what would this cause?

A

Fractured cribriform plate

Anosmia

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13
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic nerve

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14
Q

What type of fibres are in the optic nerve?

A

Special sensory for vision

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15
Q

What is the pathway of the optic nerve?

A

Enters the skull via the optic canal, nerves join to form optic chiasm
Fibres from the nasal half of each retina cross to form the optic tract

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16
Q

What can an increase in CSF cause in the optic nerve?

A

Papilloedema

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17
Q

What would a problem in the right optic nerve cause?

A

Blindness in the right eye

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18
Q

What would a problem in the optic chiasma cause?

A

Loss of peripheral vision

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19
Q

What would a problem with the right optic tract cause?

A

Left homonymous hemianopsia

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20
Q

What is CN III?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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21
Q

What fibres are in the oculomotor nerve?

A

Motor for eye movement

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22
Q

What is the pathway of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Emerges from the midbrain and exits via the superior orbital fissure

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23
Q

What are the components of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Somatic motor

Visceral motor

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24
Q

What muscles are controlled by the somatic motor fibres from the oculomotor nerve?

A

Superior middle and inferior rectus
Inferior oblique
Levator paloebrae superioris

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25
Q

What muscles are controlled by the visceral motor fibres of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle

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26
Q

What would be the clinical signs of a problem with the oculomotor nerve?

A

Ptosis
Eye abducted and pointing down
No pupillary reflex
No accommodation of the lens

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27
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear nerve

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28
Q

What fibres does the trochlear nerve contain?

A

Somatic motor fibres for eye movement

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29
Q

What is the pathway of the trochlear nerve?

A

Emerges from dorsal surface of midbrain and exits via the superior orbital fissure

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30
Q

What muscles are controlled by the trochlear nerve?

A

Superior oblique

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31
Q

What clinical sign would signal a problem with the trochlear nerve?

A

Diplopia when looking down

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32
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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33
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

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34
Q

What fibres does the trigeminal contain?

A

Mixed motor and sensory fibres

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35
Q

What is the pathway of the ophthalmic nerve?

A

Emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the superior orbital fissure

36
Q

What type of fibres are in the ophthalmic nerve and what do they do?

A

General sensory fibres, supplying the cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose and mucosa of nasal cavity and sinuses

37
Q

What is the pathway of the maxillary nerve?

A

Emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen rotundum

38
Q

What type of fibres are in the maxillary nerve and what do they do?

A

General sensory

Supply the maxilla and maxillary teeth, TMJ and the mucosa of the nose, maxillary sinuses and palate

39
Q

What is the pathway of the mandibular nerve?

A

Emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramina ovale

40
Q

Whatare the components of the mandibular nerve?

A

General sensory and somatic motor

41
Q

What do the general sensory fibres of the mandibular nerve supply?

A

Mandible, mandibular teeth, TMJ, mucosa of mouth and anterior 2/3 of tongue

42
Q

What do the somatic motor fibres f the mandibular nerve supply?

A

Muscles of mastication, digastric, tensor veil palatine and tensor tympani

43
Q

What can damage to the trigeminal nerve cause?

A

Paralysis of muscles of mastication
Loss of corneal or sneezing reflex
Loss of sensation in the face

44
Q

What is cranial nerve CN VI?

A

Abducent

45
Q

What kind of fibres are in the abducent nerve and what do they supply?

A

Somatic motor

Lateral rectus

46
Q

What is the pathway of the abducent nerve?

A

Emerges between the pons and medulla and exits via the superior orbital fissure

47
Q

What clinical sign would show damage to the abducent nerve?

A

Medial deviation to the affected eye causing diplopia

48
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial nerve

49
Q

What kind of fibres are in the facial nerve?

A

Somatic motor
Visceral motor
Special sensory
General sensory

50
Q

What is the pathway of the facial nerve?

A

Emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen

51
Q

What do the somatic motor fibres of the facial nerve supply?

A

Muscles of facial expression and scalp, strapedius of middle ear, part of digastric muscle

52
Q

What do the visceral motor fibres of the facial nerve supply?

A

Parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands and glands of the nose and palate

53
Q

What do the special sensory fibres of the facial nerve supply?

A

Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and soft palate

54
Q

What do the general sensory fibres of the facial nerve supply?

A

External acoustic meatus

55
Q

What would signal a problem with the facial nerve?

A

Bell’s palsy

56
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear

57
Q

What is the pathway of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, dividing into vestibular and cochlear nerves

58
Q

What are the fibres in the vestibulocochlear nerve and what do they supply?

A

Special sensory
Vestibular sensation from semicircular canals, uricle and saccule to give a sense of position and movement
Cochlear portion carries auditory sensory information from the inner ear

59
Q

What clinical signs would indicate a problem with the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Tinnitus
Deafness
Vertigo
Nystagmus

60
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

61
Q

What is the pathway of the glossoprayngeal nerve?

A

Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen

62
Q

What are the fibres of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A 
Special sensory
General sensory
Visceral sensory
Visceral motor
Somatic motor
63
Q

What do the special sensory fibres of the glossopharyngeal were supply?

A

Taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue

64
Q

What do the general sensory fibres of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

Cutaneous sensations from the middle ear and posterior oral cavity

65
Q

Wat do tha visceral sensory fibres of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

Sensation from carotid body and carotid sinus

66
Q

What do the visceral motor fibres of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

Parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland

67
Q

What do the somatic moto fibres of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

Stylopharyngeus

68
Q

What clinical signs would indicate damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Loss of gag reflex and taste from the back of the tongue

69
Q

What is damage to the glossopharyngeal associated with?

A

Injuries to CN X and XI- jugular foramen syndrome

70
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus

71
Q

What is the pathway of the vagus nerve?

A

Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen, then goes across the body

72
Q

What kinds of fibres are in the vagus nerve?

A 
Special sensory
General sensory
Visceral sensory
Visceral motor
Somatic motor
73
Q

What do special sensory fibres of the vagus nerve supply?

A

taste from epiglottis and palate

74
Q

What do general sensory fibres of the vagus nerve supply?

A

Sensation from auricle and external acoustic meatus

75
Q

What do visceral sensory fibres of the vagus nerve supply?

A

sensation from pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, oesophagus, stomach and intestine

76
Q

What do visceral motor fibres from the vagus nerve supply?

A

Parasympathetic innervation muscle in bronchi, gut, heart

77
Q

What do somatic motor fibres from the vagus nerve supply?

A

Pharynx, larynx, palate and oesophagus

78
Q

What does damage to the vagus nerve cause?

A

Damage to pharyngeal branches- difficulty swallowing

Damage to laryngeal branches- difficulty in speaking

79
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Accessory

80
Q

What is the pathway of the accessory nerve?

A

Small cranial and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen

81
Q

What fibres are in the accessory nerve and what do they supply?

A

Somatic motor

Striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx, larynx and SCM and trapezius

82
Q

What indicates damage to the he accessory nerve?

A

Weakness in turning and shrugging shoulders

83
Q

What is cranial nerve XII?

A

Hypoglossal

84
Q

What is the pathway of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Emerges from medulla and exits through hypoglossal canal

85
Q

What fibres are in the hypoglossal nerve and what do they supply?

A

Somatic motor

Muscles of tongue

86
Q

When is hypoglossal nerve vulnerable?

A

During tonsillectomy

87
Q

What does damage of the hypoglossal nerve cause?

A

Paralysis and atrophy to ipsilateral half of tongue

Tip of tongue deviates towards affected side

Neuro AM (38 decks)

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