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Neuro AM > Cerebral hemispheres > Flashcards

Cerebral hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

Elevation

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2
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

Dip

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3
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Large dip

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4
Q

Where is grey and white matter located in he brain?

A 
Grey= surface
White= inside
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5
Q

What are the basal ganglia?

A

Collection of neuronal cell bodies buried in the white matter

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6
Q

What cavity is in each cerebral hemisphere?

A

Lateral ventricle

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7
Q

What fissure separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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8
Q

What major sulci separate the lobes of the brain?

A

Central sulcus
Lateral sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus

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9
Q

What sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Central

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10
Q

What sulcus separates the parietal/frontal and temporal lobe?

A

Lateral

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11
Q

What is on either side of the central sulcus?

A

Post and pre central gyri

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12
Q

What can the frontal lobe be divided into?

A

Superior, middle and inferior gyri

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13
Q

What is controlled in the frontal lobe?

A

Motor control

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14
Q

What is area 4?

A

Precentral gyrus

Primary motor cortex

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15
Q

What are areas 44 and 45?

A

Inferior frontal gyrus

Broca’s area of motor speech

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16
Q

What are the cognitive functions of higher order?

A

Intellect
Judgement
Prediction
Planning

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17
Q

Where are the cognitive functions of higher order controlled?

A

Prefrontal cortex

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18
Q

What can the parietal lobe be divided to?

A

Superior and inferior parietal lobules

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19
Q

What is controlled in the parietal lobe?

A

Somatosensory

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20
Q

What are areas 1, 2, 3?

A

Post central gyrus

Primary sensory area

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21
Q

What does the primary sensory area receive?

A

General sensation from the contralateral half of the body

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22
Q

What happens in the superior parietal lobule?

A

Interpretation of general sensory information and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

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23
Q

What happens in the inferior parietal lobule?

A

Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory areas

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24
Q

What happens in the inferior parietal lobule of the dominant hemisphere?

A

Language functions

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25
Q

What can a parietal lobe lesion cause?

A

Hemisensory neglect
Right-left agnosia
Acalculia
Agraphia

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26
Q

What are the sections o the temporal lobe?

A

Superior, middle and inferior gyri

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27
Q

What are areas 41 and 42?

A

Superior temporal gyrus

Primary auditory cortex

28
Q

What lies just posterior to areas 41 and 42?

A

Auditory association areas

29
Q

What happens in the auditory association areas?

A

Crucial for understanding of spoken word

HAs connections with other language areas

30
Q

What happens on the inferior surface of the temporal lobe?

A

Receives fibres from olfactory tract

Conscious appreciation of smell

31
Q

What sulcus is present in the occipital lobe?

A

Calcarine sulcus

32
Q

What is area 17?

A

Either side of the calcimine sulcus

Primary visual cortex

33
Q

What are areas 18 and 19?

A

The majority of the occipital lobe

Visual association areas

34
Q

What are the visual association areas concerned with?

A

Interpretation of visual images

35
Q

What is the limbic area?

A

Functional area on the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres concerned with memory and emotional aspects of behaviour

36
Q

What anatomical parts of the brain are contained in the limbic lobe?

A

Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Amygdala

37
Q

Where is the hippocampus located?

A

Medial aspect of the temporal lobe

38
Q

What is the amygdala?

A

Subcortical grey matter close to temporal pole

39
Q

How can the cerebral hemispheres be divided by function?

A 
Anterior= motor
Posterior= sensory
Medial= storage and retrieval of processed information
40
Q

What are the 2 language areas?

A

Broca’s area

Wernicke’s area

41
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Motor speech area

42
Q

What is Wernicke’s area?

A

Auditory association area necessary for recognition of spoken word

43
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area?

A

Temporal lobe of dominant hemisphere

44
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Problem with speech due to damage to one or more language areas in the brain

45
Q

What are the 2 kinds of aphasia?

A

Broca’s and Wernicke’s

46
Q

What is BRoca’s aphasia?

A

Problem in producing speech- misses small words- due to damage to the frontal lobe

47
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia associated with?

A

Weakness/paralysis of one side of body

48
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Problem in understanding and production of speech due to damage of the temporal lobe

49
Q

What are the problems with production of speech in Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Fluent speech but with new meaningless words and no sense

50
Q

What kinds of fibres are present in the white matter?

A

Commisural
Association
Projection

51
Q

What is the function of commissural fibres and where are they present?

A

Connect corresponding areas of the 2 hemispheres

Corpus callosum

52
Q

What is the function of association fibres?

A

Connect one part of the cortex with another

Short or long

53
Q

What is th function of projection fibres and where are they found?

A

Connect the cortex with the lower part of the brain and the spinal cord
Pass through corona radiate and internal capsule

54
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

Narrow area between the thalamus and caudate nucleus medially and lentiform nucleus laterally

55
Q

What does the internal capsule carry?

A

Projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex

56
Q

Where does the internal capsule get its blood supply?

A

Middle cerebral artery

57
Q

What are the 3 sections of the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate
Putamen
Globus pallidus

58
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

Group of subcortical nuclei of varied origin in the grey matter deep within each cerebral hemisphere

59
Q

What forms the lentiform nucleus?

A

Putamen laterally and globus pallidus medially

60
Q

What is the structure of the caudate?

A

Starts as large head medial to internal capsule, a body and slender curving tail which follows the curve of the lateral ventricle

61
Q

What is the substantia nigra?

A

Structure lying in the midbrain that is functionally part of the basal ganglia

62
Q

What are the input regions of the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate and putamen

63
Q

Where does the basal ganglia receive input from?

A

Motor cortex, premotor cortex and thalamus

64
Q

What are the output regions of the basal ganglia?

A

Globus pallidus and substantia nigra

65
Q

What does the globes pallidus project to?

A

Thalamus

66
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

Help regulate imitation and termination of movements

Neuro AM (38 decks)

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