Diseases Flashcards
the study of the factors that cause disease
etiology
idiopathic means
unknown cause
pathogenesis is
the pattern of a disease’s development
the study of occurrence, distribution, and transmission of diseases in human populations
epidemiology
Neoplastic mechanisms lead to
tumors and cancers
What are the 6 main individual variables that can lead to disease?
Genetics, age, lifestyle, stress, environmental factors, preexisting conditions
Viruses, prion, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and pathogenic animals are all examples of what kind of organism?
Pathogenic organism
What’s the name of the pathogenic protein molecules that convert normal proteins into abnormal proteins?
Prions (Proteinaceous Infectious particle)
Naegleria fowleri is also known as the _____ eating amoeba
brain
What are the 6 main mechanisms of pathogenic spreading?
Person-to-person contact
Environmental contact
Opportunistic invasion
Transmission by a vector (ticks, parasites)
Vaccination
Chemicals (medications, antibiotics)
Which classification of tumors end up spreading to other regions of the body (metastasize): benign or malignant?
Malignant
Papilloma, adenoma, and nevus are all examples of benign tumors located on what part of the body?
The skin (epithelial tumors)
Lipoma, osteoma, and chondroma are all examples of benign tumors that form in what kind of tissue?
Connective tissue
Malignant epithelial tumors are called:
Carcinomas
Malignant connective tissue tumors are called:
Sarcomas
Neuroblastomas are types of tumors that form in what kind of tissue?
Nerve tissue
Lymphoma are types of tumors that form in what kind of tissue?
Lymphatic tissue
Hyperplasia of cells:
increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ
Anaplasia of cells:
the loss of the mature or specialized features of a cell
Self-examination, diagnostic imaging (radiography, CT scan, ultrasound, MRI), biopsy, pap smear, and blood tests are all methods of detecting what kind of disease?
Cancer
What are some common ways of treating cancer?
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, laser therapy, immunotherapy
What does the acronym CAUTION stand for in detecting signs of cancer?
C hange in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
U nusual bleeding or discharge
T hickening or lump in tissue
I ndigestion or difficulty in swallowing
O bvious change in wart or mole
N agging cough or hoarseness
What is the purpose of the inflammatory response?
Reduces injury to tissues, thus maintaining homeostasis
Chemotaxis is the attraction of what type of blood cells to an injury site?
White blood cells
