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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 1 - Organization of the Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Organization of the Body Flashcards

Organization of the body

1
Q

What is the default position of the body used in anatomy?

A

Anatomical position

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2
Q

Cavity that contains the brain

A

Cranial cavity

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3
Q

Cavity that contains the spinal cord

A

Vertebral canal

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4
Q

Organs found in ventral cavity

A

Heart, lungs, esophagus

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5
Q

Organs in abdominal cavity

A

Stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, and intestines

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6
Q

Organs in pelvic cavity

A

Rectum, urinary bladder, internal reproductive, inferior portion of large intestines

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7
Q

Name of section that contains abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

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8
Q

Cavities inside thoracic cavities

A

Pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, mediastinum

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9
Q

What are meninges?

A

3 membranous layers lining posterior body cavity

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10
Q

The 3 meninges are (deepest to superficial):

A

Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

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11
Q

Fluid in between meninges

A

Cerebrospinal fluid enables cells to transmit electrical signals

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12
Q

The diaphragm separates what two cavities?

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic

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13
Q

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined by ______ membranes

A

Serous (secretes serous fluid to reduce friction)

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14
Q

Functions of the parietal serous membrane

A

Cavity lining (outermost layer, lines the inner body wall)

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15
Q

Function of the visceral serous membrane

A

Organ covering

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16
Q

What fills the cavities between the parietal and visceral serous membranes?

A

Serous fluid

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17
Q

The medial (central) portion of the thoracic cavity contains what organs?

A

Heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland

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18
Q

Lung tissue is covered by:

A

the visceral pleura

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19
Q

Thoracic cavity is lined by:

A

parietal pleura

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20
Q

Visceral pericardium (epicardium) covers the ______

A

Heart

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21
Q

Connective tissue sac surrounding the heart:

A

Fibrous pericardium

22
Q

Inner lining of fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal pericardium

23
Q

Pericardial cavity layers (inner to outer):

A

Heart, visceral pericardial sac, pericardial fluid, parietal pericardium

24
Q

Parietal peritoneum lines which cavity?

A

Abdominal cavity

25
Q

Which organs are found behind the parietal peritoneum (retroperitoneal)?

A

Kidneys and pancreas

26
Q

What is the male extension of the abdominal wall, where testes are kept, called?

A

The scrotum

27
Q

Urinary bladder is found below or above the parietal peritoneum?

A

Below (subperitoneal)

28
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity upper regions are (right to left):

A

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac

29
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity center regions are (right to left):

A

Right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar

30
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity lower regions are (right to left):

A

Right iliac (aka right iguinal), pubic (hypogastric), left illiac (aka left iguinal)

31
Q

True or false: The 4 quadrants system (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ) is more commonly used as opposed to the “tic-tac-toe” nine quadrant system

A

True

32
Q

Med check: Inflammation of the cranial and vertebral cavity membranes

A

Meningitis

33
Q

Med check: Inflammation of the pleurae

A

Pleurisy

34
Q

Med check: Infection of the heart lining

A

Pericarditis

35
Q

Med check: Infection of the abdominopelvic cavity lining

A

Peritonitis

36
Q

Integumentary system involves the

A

Skin (integument)

37
Q

The organ systems of the body are:

A

Cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, integumentary, lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, urinary

38
Q

Major organs of the cardiovascular system:

A

Heart, blood vessels, blood

39
Q

Major organs of the digestive system:

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, and anus

40
Q

Major organs of the endocrine system:

A

pancreas, hypothalamus, thymus, and the glands: pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal

41
Q

Major organs of the integumentary system

A

Skin (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis)

42
Q

Major organs of the lymphatic system

A

Tonsils, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and vessels, adenoids, bone marrow

43
Q

Major organs of the nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

44
Q

Major organs of the reproductive system

A

Females: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina
Males: prostate, testes, penis

45
Q

Major organs of the respiratory system

A

Lungs, nose, trachea

46
Q

Major organs of the urinary system

A

Kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra

47
Q

Homeostasis is

A

the body’s equilibrium

48
Q

Decrease change or output in homeostasis, result is amplified:

A

Negative feedback

49
Q

Increase change or output in homeostasis, result is reduced:

A

Positive feedback

50
Q

Diseases that occur suddenly and last a short time

A

Acute diseases

51
Q

Diseases that are less severe, develop slowly and are long term:

A

Chronic diseases

52
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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