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Anatomy and Physiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 hollow chambers of the heart?

A

Two superior atria and two inferior ventricles

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2
Q

What are the anterior pocket-like flaps located in the atrium called?

A

Auricle

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3
Q

The atrium are separated by the:

A

interatrial septum

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4
Q

The ventricles are separated by the:

A

interventricular septum

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5
Q

The right atrium receives O2-poor blood from which three veins?

A

Superior vena cava, coronary sinus, and inferior vena cava

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6
Q

Why is the AV valve on the right side of the heart called the tricuspid valve?

A

Because it has three cusps (valves)

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7
Q

Which chamber of the heart are the chordae tendineae located?

A

The right ventricle

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8
Q

What are the chordae tendineae connected to?

A

The papillary muscles

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9
Q

Blood from the right ventricle passes through a _________ _____ into the pulmonary trunk.

A

semilunar valve

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10
Q

Does the left atrium receive O2-rich blood or O2-poor blood?

A

O2-rich blood

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11
Q

What is the bicuspid valve more commonly referred to as in the United States?

A

The mitral valve

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12
Q

What is the major systemic artery that receives blood from the left ventricle?

A

The aorta

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13
Q

What’s the name of the arteries that supplies blood to the wall of the heart (myocardium)?

A

Coronary arteries

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14
Q

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

The tricuspid

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15
Q

The first heart sound is caused by the closure of:
a. AV valves (bicuspid and tricuspid)
b. semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary)

A

a: AV valves (bicuspid and tricuspid)

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16
Q

The route of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that initiate and stimulate contraction of the atria and ventricles is called what?

A

The conduction system

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17
Q

What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?

A

Small region of neuromuscular tissue that initiates the heartbeat; also called the pacemaker

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18
Q

Where is the sinoatrial node located?

A

Upper posterior wall of the right atrium

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19
Q

Where is the atrioventricular node located?

A

The base of the right atrium (near the interatrial septum)

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20
Q

What is a heart block?

A

Impairment of conduction of an impulse in heart excitation

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21
Q

Irregular heartbeats are also called?

A

Arrythmias

22
Q

Systole refers to the ___________ of the heart and diastole refers to the __________ of the heart.

A

contraction, relaxation

23
Q

The three phases of the cardiac cycle are:

A

Phase 1: Atrial systole
Phase 2: Ventricular systole
Phase 3: Atrial and ventricular diastole

24
Q

How long does the entire cardiac cycle last for one heartbeat?

A

0.85 seconds

25
Q

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle in how many minutes?

A

One minute

26
Q

Stroke volume:

A

amount of blood pumped by a ventricle each time it contracts

27
Q

Heart rate x stroke volume =

A

cardiac output

28
Q

The portion of the medulla oblongata that regulates the heartbeat rate is called

A

the cardioregulatory center

29
Q

The SA node is the pacemaker of the heart and controls heart rate because:
a. it sits at the top of the heart
b. it has the fastest signaling rate
c. it has the largest myocardial cells
d. it has the slowest signaling rate

A

b: it has the fastest signaling rate

30
Q

During atriole systole,
a. the atrioventricular valves are open, but the semilunar valves are closed
b. the atrioventricular valves are closed, but the semilunar valves are open
c. both sets of valves are closed

A

a: the atrioventricular valves are open, but the semilunar valves are closed

31
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, capillaries, and veins

32
Q

Arteries transport blood towards or away from the heart?

A

Away from the heart

33
Q

The three layers of the walls covering the arteries are:

A

The tunica intima (most deep), tunica media, tunia externa (most superficial)

34
Q

Arterioles branch into ___________

A

capillaries

35
Q

Which three processes influence capillary exchange?

A

Blood pressure, diffusion, osmotic pressure

36
Q

Do veins take blood to or from the heart?

A

To the heart

37
Q

Irregular dilation of a superficial vein is known as a ___________ vein

A

varicose vein

38
Q

Varicose veins in the rectum are called

A

hemorrhoids

39
Q

The condition categorized by the inflammation of a vein is called

A

phlebitis

40
Q

If you described the differences between arteries and veins, you could say:
a. arteries have a thicker wall than veins
b. veins have valves, arteries do not
c. veins return blood to the heart, arteries carry blood away from the heart
d. all of these statements are correct

A

d: all of these statements are correct

41
Q

Blood pressure is greatest at:
a. the venous end of a capillary bed
b. the arterial end of a capillary bed
c. the center of a capillary bed
d. no single area; it is equal throughout the capillary bed

A

b: the arterial end of a capillary bed

42
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force of blood against the walls of blood vessels

43
Q

The mean arterial blood pressure is

A

The pressure in the arterial system averaged over time

44
Q

The vasomotor center is comprised of

A

Neurons in the brain stem that control the diameter of the arteries

45
Q

Blood flow is slowest through which blood vessels?

A

Capillaries

46
Q

What is the largest artery in the systemic circuit?

A

The aorta

47
Q

What are the largest veins in the systemic circuit?

A

The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

48
Q

The three major arteries that branch off the aortic arch are:

A

The brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery

49
Q

The portal system that begins at the villi of the small intestine and ends at the liver is known as the

A

hepatic portal system

50
Q

The complete ring of arteries at the base of the brain and formed by the cerebral and communicating arteries is known as

A

The cerebral arterial circle

51
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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